B1 - cell structure

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  • Created by: Fizzah
  • Created on: 23-01-20 19:30
Cells can either be
Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
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Eukaryotic cells
are complex and include plant and animal cells
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Where is the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell?
Geneteic material is enclosed in a nucleus also have a cell membrane and cytoplasm
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Prokaryotic cells
are smaller and include bacterial cells which have a cytoplasm
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Where is the genetic material in a prokaryotic cell?
not encloses its loops of DNA = plasmids
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Animal cells have
A nucleus that contains the activities of the cell, Cytoplasm where most chemical reactions take place, cell membrane controls what goes in and out of the cell,ribosomes where protein synthesis takes place and mitochondria where aerobic respiration
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Plant cells have
Cell membrane,ribosomes,cell wall,nucleus,cell wall which supports the cell(Cellulose), permanent vacuole keeps cell rigid and chlorophyll which absorbs light
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Microscopes
Allow us to see things that we cannot see with the naked eye such as individual cells and their subcellular structures
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Light microscopes
use light and lenses to form an image of a specimen and magnify it
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Light microscopes +
.Cheap
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Light microscopes -
.limited magnification (not powerful) .limited resolution
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Electronic microscopes
use electrons to form an image
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Electronic microscopes +
.greater magnification .Higher resolution can see finer details
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Electronic microscopes -
Expensive and needs to be kept in special conditions
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Resolving power
If 2 dots are very close together they look like 1 dot. Magnifying the dot allows you to see the dot (0.2nm apart)
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Magnification =
image size divided by real size x100
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Magnification
the increase of an object's apparent size by using lenses or mirrors
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cell specialised
the process by which a cell becomes specialised for a specific structure or function.
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Differentiation
Is the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job
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Sperm cells
Specialised for reproduction and its function is to deliver the male DNA to the female DNA
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Muscle cells
Function is to contract quickly
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nerve cells
Carry electrical signals rapidly from 1 part of the body to another
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Root hair cells
Absorb water and mineral ions /nutrients present in the soil
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xylem cells
cells in plants that transport water and mineral ions from roots to leaves (upward direction)
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phloem cells
plant cells that transport food
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A partially permeable membrane
is a membrane which has tiny holes and only allows little molecules to enter like water
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To calculate surface area:volume ratio
Find area of area of each side and add all together to get SA And volume = lxwxh
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

are complex and include plant and animal cells

Back

Eukaryotic cells

Card 3

Front

Geneteic material is enclosed in a nucleus also have a cell membrane and cytoplasm

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

are smaller and include bacterial cells which have a cytoplasm

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

not encloses its loops of DNA = plasmids

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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