attachment ; ainsworth's

?
THE STRANGE SITUATION
DFGDFG
1 of 88
who developed it?
mary ainsworth
2 of 88
what was the aim to be able to observe?
key attachment behaviours as a means of assessing the quality of a child's attachment to a caregiver
3 of 88
- procedure
dfgd
4 of 88
what kind of observation was it?
controlled
5 of 88
designed to measure what aspect of the attachment?
security
6 of 88
takes place where?
laboratory (room w/highly ctrlled conditions)
7 of 88
with what in place for psychologicsts to observe infants behaviour?
two-way mirror
8 of 88
behaviours used to judge attachment included proximity seeking which means?
an infant with a good attachment will stay fairly close to cairgiver
9 of 88
what is exploration and secure base behaviour in good attachments?
child will feel confident enough to explore, using secure caregiver as a base
10 of 88
what does stranger anxiety signify?
becoming closely attached
11 of 88
what is it?
display anxiety when stranger approaches
12 of 88
what is separation anxiety in attached babies?
protest @ separation from caregiver
13 of 88
what is response to reunion?
when baby responds when reunited with caregiver after separation for short period time under ctrlled conditions
14 of 88
how many episodes does the procedure have?
seven
15 of 88
each of which lasts how long?
three minutes
16 of 88
what happens at the beginning?
child and careviger enter unfamiliar playroom
17 of 88
at step one, child is encouraged to?
explore
18 of 88
which tests?
exploration and secure base
19 of 88
at two who enters the room?
stranger
20 of 88
and attempts to?
interact with the child
21 of 88
which tests?
stranger anxiety
22 of 88
at three who leaves?
caregiver
23 of 88
leaving who alone?
stranger and child
24 of 88
which tests?
separation and stranger anxiety
25 of 88
at four who returns?
caregiver
26 of 88
and who leaves?
stranger
27 of 88
tests?
reunion behaviour / exploration + secure base
28 of 88
at five who is left alone?
baby
29 of 88
tests?
separation anxiety
30 of 88
at six who returns?
stranger
31 of 88
tests?
stranger anxiety
32 of 88
at seven who returns?
caregiver
33 of 88
what does this test?
reunion behaviour
34 of 88
- findings
gdfg
35 of 88
what distinct patterns did ainsworth et al find?
in way infants behaved
36 of 88
how many main types of attachment did she identify?
three
37 of 88
okay, cool, now name them.
secure attachment / insecure-avoidant attachment / insecure-resistant attachment
38 of 88
what happens to secure attachment kids in proximity seeking and secure base behaviour?
explore happily but regularly go back to caregiver
39 of 88
what level separation distress do they show?
moderate
40 of 88
and stranger anxiety?
moderate
41 of 88
what do securely attached chidlren require and accept in reunion stage?
comfort
42 of 88
what % british toddlers classified as secure?
60-75%
43 of 88
what happens with insecure-avoidant children at proximity and secure base?
explore freely but don't seek proximity or show secure base behaviour
44 of 88
what reaction do they show when caregiver leaves?
little to no
45 of 88
and what happens when caregiver returns?
make little effort to make contact
46 of 88
what level of stranger anxiety do they show?
little
47 of 88
what about reunion stage?
don't require comfort
48 of 88
what % toddlers classified as insecure-avoidant?
20-25%
49 of 88
what about insecure-resistant children at proximity and secure base?
seek greater proximity so explore less
50 of 88
what level of stranger and separation distress?
huge levels
51 of 88
but what about reuniting with carer?
resist comfort
52 of 88
around what % british toddlers classified as this?
3%
53 of 88
EVALUATION
IUKJBNB
54 of 88
:) support for validity
dfgdf
55 of 88
** defined attachment type strongly predictive of?
later development
56 of 88
what do babies assessed secure typically go on to do?
have better outcomes in many areas
57 of 88
which type is associated with worst outcomes?
insecure-resistant attachment
58 of 88
what did kokkinos find happened later in childhood?
bullying
59 of 88
and in adulthood ward found?
mental heath problems
60 of 88
why is this evidence for the validity of the concept?
bc can exp subsequent outcomes
61 of 88
:) good reliability
fohndfgndf
62 of 88
what kind of reliability does it show welll?
inter-rater reliability
63 of 88
in other words what happens with the different observers watching the same childre?
generally agree on which attachment type to classify them as
64 of 88
may be because strange situation takes place in what kind of conditions?
controlled
65 of 88
and what are easy to observe?
the behavioural categories
66 of 88
what did bick et al look at in a team of strange situation observers?
inter-rater reliablilty
67 of 88
and found attachment type agreement on what % tested babies?
94%
68 of 88
means we can be confident attachment type in s.s doesn't depend on what?
who's observing them
69 of 88
:( test may be culture-bound
dfgg
70 of 88
how many reasons are there to suggest this?
two
71 of 88
1st what are cultural differences in childhood experiences likely to mena?
children respond differently to the strange situation
72 of 88
and who else behaves fifferent in strange situation?
caregivers
73 of 88
why has takahashi noted the test doesn't really work in japan?
bc japanese omthers so rarely separated from babies that there are v high levels separation anxiety
74 of 88
what did japanese mothers also do at reunion stage?
rush to scoop up baby
75 of 88
meaning what was hard to observe?
child's response
76 of 88
EVALUATION EXTRA
DFGDG
77 of 88
:( what does the strange situation measure
gdgdgf
78 of 88
measures child response to anxiety produced by being where?
unfamiliar environment
79 of 88
however what is the controversial part of the experimetn?
whether the main influence on this anxiety is attached
80 of 88
what did kagan suggest is a more important influence on bhaviour of childre?
temperament
81 of 88
therefore temperament can be seen as?
confounding variable
82 of 88
:( at least one more attachment type
dgd
83 of 88
how many did ainsworth make?
three
84 of 88
called?
secure / insecure-avoidant / insecure-resistant
85 of 88
however what did main and solomon point out?
minority of children display atypical attachments that don't fallwithin types
86 of 88
what is this atypical attachment commonly known as?
disorganised attachment
87 of 88
what do these children show?
odd mix of resisant and avoidant behaviours
88 of 88

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

who developed it?

Back

mary ainsworth

Card 3

Front

what was the aim to be able to observe?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

- procedure

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what kind of observation was it?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Psychology resources:

See all Psychology resources »See all Attachment resources »