Attachment

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Interactional Synchrony
about being on 'the same page'- mothers and infants reflect the actions and emotions of the other, as they can be seen mirroring each other's behaviour and emotions.
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The Still Face Experiment
this experiment shows the importance of interaction synchrony to a child'd development. -Engage in play, mother stops interacting and shows a 'still face'- child immediately tries to get a reaction and when fails gets distressed.
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Reciprocity
means taking turns/two-way, in the context that the infant and parent are both active contributors in an interaction, responding to each other.
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Pre-attachment Phase (0-3 months)
from 6 weeks infants become attracted to humans, preferring them to objects.
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Indiscriminate Attachment (3-8months)
can discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar people, smiling more often at people they know.
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Discriminate Attachment (8months+)
develop specific attachments and become distressed when separated from them-not good with strangers.
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Multiple Attachments
form attachments with more than one person and the fear of strangers weakens.
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Why do psychologists study animals?
as unethical studies that would never be done with humans can be carried out. Then behaviourists believe we can generalise the results to humans.
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Lorenz
(Goslings)- imprinting is when animals form attachments to the first moving object they see when they are born. -goslings followed Lorenz, and it happened in a critical period so cannot be reversed.
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Harlow
Harlow's monkeys- this investigated the effects of maternal deprivation and isolation. The monkeys were raised in isolation with a 'wire' and 'cloth' mother. Finding that they used the cloth mother as a base and only returning to the wire for food.
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Learning Theory
Suggets that attachments are leaned through classical and operant conditioning, and that attachment is based on feeding.
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Bowlby's Theory of Attachment
Suggests that attachments are innate and based on comfort/sensitivity.
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Internal working model
how a child's relationship with their mother influences later relationships.
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Monotropy
this is the idea that a child's relationship with their mother was the most important. -the idea that they have one main attachment.
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Mary Ainsworth
The 'Strange Situation' experiment explored into these categories- exploration, separation behaviour, stranger anxiety, reunion behaviour and proximity seeking.
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What are the different types of attachment?
Secure, Insecure-avoidant and Insecure-resistant.
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Secure Attachment
Infant gets distressed when mother leaves but is easily comforted when she returns. Prefers mother to stranger.
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Insecure -avoidant
the infant is not particularly affected by the mother absence and no preference to mother to mother or stranger.
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Insecure -resistant
infant gets distressed when mother leaves but not easily comforted on return, and can appear angry with them.
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Ethnocentricism
Judging other cultures by the standards and values of your own culture.
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Privation
Privation is the failure to develop an attachment to an individual.
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Deprivation
is having an attachment figure and then losing that attachment figure (death).
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Dishinhibited Attachment
this is when the infant appears equally friendly and affectionate towards people they know well and to those who are strangers.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

this experiment shows the importance of interaction synchrony to a child'd development. -Engage in play, mother stops interacting and shows a 'still face'- child immediately tries to get a reaction and when fails gets distressed.

Back

The Still Face Experiment

Card 3

Front

means taking turns/two-way, in the context that the infant and parent are both active contributors in an interaction, responding to each other.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

from 6 weeks infants become attracted to humans, preferring them to objects.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

can discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar people, smiling more often at people they know.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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