Atomic Structure
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- Created by: Eve Angus
- Created on: 01-01-19 13:41
Atom History - Dalton
Matter was made up of tiny spheres that couldn't be broken up
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Atom History - Thomson (Plum Pudding Model)
Atoms where spheres of positive charge with tiny negative electrons stuck in them
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Atom History - Rutherford (Alpha Particle Scattering Experiment)
Atoms must have small positively charged nuclei at the centre
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Niels Bohr
Electrons orbiting the nucleus can only do so at certain distances called energy levels
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Chadwick
He discovered the neutron which explained the imbalance between atomic numbers and mass numbers
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Electron
A particle with a mass of 1/2000 and a positive charge
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Proton
A particle with a mass of 1 and a negative charge
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Neutron
A particle with a mass of 1 and a neutral charge
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Atomic Number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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Mass Number
The number of protons and neutrons in an atom
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Ion
An atom in which the number of electrons is different to the number of protons giving it an overall charge
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Isotope
A different form of the same element which has atoms with the same atomic number but a different mass number
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Radioactive Decay
Where unstable isotopes decay into other elements and give out radiation as they try to become stable
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Ionising Radiation
Radiation that knocks electrons off atoms creating positive ions
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Radioactive Substances
Unstable isotopes that emit ionising radiation
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Alpha Particle
A particle that has two neutrons and two protons and is strongly ionising
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Beta Particle
A particle that has only one electron and is partially ionising
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Gamma Particle
A particle that has an electromagnetic wave and is weakly ionising
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Half-Life
The time it takes for the number of nuclei of a radioactive isotope in a sample to halve
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Geiger-Muller Tube
An instrument that is used to measure radiation so the longer the half-life the slower the activity falls
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Irradiation
Exposure to radiation
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Contamination
The presence of unwanted radioactive atoms on or inside an object
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Radiation Dose
A measure of the risk of harm to your body due to exposure to radiation
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Background Radiation
Low level radiation that is present at all times
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Cosmic Rays
Radiation from space which originates mostly from the sun
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Effect of Radiation - Underground Rocks
Certain underground rocks can cause higher levels of radiation at the surface especially if they release radioactive radon gas
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Effect of Radiation - Nuclear Industry Workers or Uranium Miners
They are typically exposed to ten times the normal amount of radiation so they wear protective clothing to stop them from touching or inhaling the radioactive material
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Effect of Radiation - High Altitudes
People who live at higher altitudes are exposed to more background radiation in the form of cosmic rays than people who live at sea level
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Effect of Radiation - Radiographers
They work in hospitals using ionising radiation and so have a higher risk of radiation exposure so they wear lead aprons and stand behind lead screens to protect them from prolonged exposure to radiation
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Effect of Radiation - Cancer
Lower doses of ionising radiation tend to cause minor damage without killing the cell but this can give rise to mutant cells which divide uncontrollably to form a tunour
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Medical Uses of Radiation - Medical Tracers
Certain radioactive isotopes can be injected into people and can be followed by external detectors around the body
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Medical Uses of Radiation - Radiotherapy
The treatment for cancer using ionising radiation and is used to control or destroy cancer cells
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Nuclear Fission
A type of nuclear reaction that when a neutron is absorbed by another nucleus it causes the nucleus to split into two daughter nuclei and 2-3 neutrons and the process will continue causing a chain reaction
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Nuclear Fusion
A type of nuclear reaction that when two light nuclei collide at high speed they fuse to create a larger and heavier nucleus
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Atoms where spheres of positive charge with tiny negative electrons stuck in them
Back
Atom History - Thomson (Plum Pudding Model)
Card 3
Front
Atoms must have small positively charged nuclei at the centre
Back
Card 4
Front
Electrons orbiting the nucleus can only do so at certain distances called energy levels
Back
Card 5
Front
He discovered the neutron which explained the imbalance between atomic numbers and mass numbers
Back
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