AS Sociology youth subcultures, education and deviance studies

Hebdige

(Marxist): Mods exaggerated their style and leisure activities in order to resist the boredom of their working lives

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Brake

(Marxist) Youth Subcultures provided a magical solution; A form of escape from the social and economocial deprivation they faced and allowed for experimenting with style to create an illusion that all issues were resolved

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Hall and Jeferson

(Marxist) Subcultures are a form of resistance to the dominant culture and to the 'crisis of capitalism'

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Gordon

(Marxist) Capitalism causes crime as it promotes consumerism, materialism and greed- the poor are a culture of envy and the rich commit financial crimes

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Hebdige

(Marxist) crime/deviance among the working class is a sign of resistance to the bourgeoisie

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Polemus

(Post Modernist) There is fluidity within youth styles and is like a 'Supermarket of style'

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Bennett

(Post Modernist) In a Newcastle nightclub, people formed temporary associations with others of similar music tastes

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Thornton

(Post Modernist) The media influences the music and clothes people wear - having the right things gains 'sub-cultural capital'

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Lyng

(Post Modernist) Young males commit crime for pleasure through risk taking

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Katz

(Post Modernist) Most youths are in a stage of drift as they are unsure of their path in society so they commit crime as an act of enjoyment

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Heidensohn

(Feminist) Girls are ignored from sociological studies of subcultures

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Mcrobbie and Garber

(Feminist) Girls are more likely to adopt a bedroom culture where they are socialised into more passive roles. Here they could be hidden from official crime statistics (dark figure of crime)

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Reddington

(Feminist) a study of punks found that girls did get involved in the subculture as there was a 'anybody can have a go' attitude

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Thompson

(Feminist) Media is exaggerated the increase in female crime and the level of violence among females

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Jackson

(Feminist) Laddettes are becoming more prominent in our society

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Leonard

(Feminist) Women are treated more harshly in court as they are seen as 'doubly deviant' (breaking norms and values of being female)

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Parsons

(Functionalism) youth go through a rite of passage in life. In the UK this rite of passage is youth culture

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Rossack

(Functionalism) There is a generation gap emerging in society as the differences between race gender etc. are decreasing. Youth culture fills this gap

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Nightingale

(Functionalism) Black boys from Philadelphia wanted to be a part of the mainstream American culture however the boys felt they were rejected from it

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Merton

(Functionalism) The American dream is to achieve maternal wealth and purchase consumer goods by getting qualifications and a job. Not all people can achieve this so they seek crime as the next best alternative - this is the 'Strain'

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Smith and Noble

(Education- social class) There are hidden costs to education (such as buying books) so lower income families struggle to pay for these making achievement more difficult

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J.W.B Dougles

(Education- social class) Middle class parents pay more attention to their childs educaton - The working class don't necesarily have a poor attitude though

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Bordieu

(Education- social class) Middle class children are already set for the dress code, behaviour etc. before starting school, yet middle class face a 'cultural clash'

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Hargreves

(Education- social class) Teachers label the middle class students as more intelligent, and the working class as disruptive so they treat them differently

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Sharpe

(Education- Gender) Girls priorities in life have changed away from getting married and having kids to being able to support themselves.

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Mitsos and Browne

(Education- Gender) Girls are more motivated and hard working than boys and girls mature earlier

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Mac and Ghail

(Education- Gender) The decline in the number of manual jobs has seen a 'crisis of masculinity' yet boys are still socialised into the thought that this is what they should be doing

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Mitsos and Browne

(Education- Gender) Teachers are less strict with boys

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Frosh et al

(Education- Gender) Few boys managed to be academically successful and be popular. Boys who took interest in education were labelled as being 'gay'

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AS Sociology youth subcultures, education and deviance studies

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