Largest organelle, central nucleolus, (when stained): dark patches: chromatin, surrounded by nuclear envelope, 2 membranes with fluid between them, nuclear pores
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What is the role of nuclear pores?
To allow relatively large molecules to pass through
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What is the job of the nucleus?
Houses all genetic material/Instructions for making proteins-regulate cell's activity/makes RNA and ribosomes
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What is chromatin?
DNA and protein with the instructions for making proteins/condenses into visible chromosomes in mitosis
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Describe the structure of endoplasmic riticulum.
Flattened, membrane-bound sacs ("CISTERNAE") - Rough ER is studded with ribosomes/Smooth ER has no ribosomes
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What is the job of rough ER?
Transport proteins that were made on the attached ribosomes, some of these proteins may then be secreted from the cell to cell surface membrane
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What is the job of smooth ER?
Involvement in making the lipids that the cell needs
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Describe the structure of Golgi apparatus.
A stack of membrane-bound, flattened sacs surrounded by vesicles
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What is the job of the Golgi apparatus?
It receives proteins from ER and modifies them - may add sugar molecules to them, then packages them into vesicles to be transported
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Describe the structure of mitochondria.
Spherical or sausage shaped, have two membranes separated by a fluid-filled space, inner: "CRISTAE" (highly folded)/ central part: "MATRIX"
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What is the role of mitochondria?
Site of ATP production during respiration which drives nearly all of the cells active processes
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Describe the structure of chloroplasts.
2 membranes separated by fluid-filled space, continuous inner membrane with membranes sacs "THYLAKOIDS" (a stack: granum), chlorophyll molecules present of membranes
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Where are chloroplasts found, other than in plant cells?
In the cells of some protoctists
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What is the role of chloroplasts?
Site of photosynthesis in plant cells - light drives the reactions, in which carbohydrate molecules are made from CO2 and H2O
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Describe the structure of lysosomes.
Spherical sacs surrounded by a single membrane
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What is the role of lysosomes?
To break down materials as they contain powerful digestive enzymes
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Give an example of a lysosome breaking down a material.
White blood cell lysosomes break down invading microorganisms/specialised lysosome: acrosome, breaks down material surrounding egg
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Describe the structure of ribosomes.
Tiny organelles in cytoplasm/bound to ER, each consists of 2 subunits
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What is the role of ribosomes?
Site of protein synthesis (where new proteins are made) - act as assembly line where coded info (mRNA) is used to assemble amino acids into proteins
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Describe the structure of centrioles.
Small tubes of protein fibres (microtubules)
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Give a location of where centrioles can be found.
There's a pair of them next to the nucleus in animal cells/in cells of some protoctists
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What is the role of centrioles?
To form fibres (the spindle) which move chromosomes during nuclear division
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DEFINITION: Organelle
A particular structure of a cell that has a specialised function - some are membrane-bound whilst others aren't - all perform a particular role in the life processes of the cell
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
To allow relatively large molecules to pass through
Back
What is the role of nuclear pores?
Card 3
Front
Houses all genetic material/Instructions for making proteins-regulate cell's activity/makes RNA and ribosomes
Back
Card 4
Front
DNA and protein with the instructions for making proteins/condenses into visible chromosomes in mitosis
Back
Card 5
Front
Flattened, membrane-bound sacs ("CISTERNAE") - Rough ER is studded with ribosomes/Smooth ER has no ribosomes
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