6. what type of data is the number just a label or a name of a category and does not on its own have any genuine mathematical properties
nominal data
ordinal data
interval data
ratio data
7. what is a strength of a lab experiment?
lack of control over settings
artificial situation used
high controls allow the procedure to be replicated to check for reliability
participants are usually aware they are being studied
8. what is an advantage of matched pairs design?
it lowers demand characteristics
increases extraneous variables
it lowers the validity of the findings
9. what is objectivity?
anything that could bias the research has been minimised or eliminated, allowing research outcomes to speak for themselves
the test retest method
artificial tasks
if similar results are obtained when the same participants are tested again then the measure is said to be reliable
10. an extraneous variable caused by environmental conditions could be
age
personality
noise
intelligence
11. what is the IV?
operationalising variables
the variable that the researcher manipulates to cause the behaviour under investigation
the variable that is dependent on the way the experimenter manipulates the independent variable
an effect on what is being measured
12. what is a weakness of a field experiment?
low demand characteristics
high in ecological validity
lack of control over setting can introduce too many extraneous variables
high control over environment
13. what is an example of a null hypothesis?
there will be no significant difference in peoples driving performance whether they drink alcohol or not
people who drink alcohol before driving will make significantly more driving mistakes than those who drink orange juice
there will be a significant difference is driving performance between those who drink alcohol before driving and those who drink orange juice before driving
14. what is the DV?
a particular behaviour that is dependent on the way the experimenter manipulates the IV
independent variable
the variable that the researcher manipulates to cause the behaviour under investigation
operationalising variables
15. how do you operationalise variables?
state how the IV is being manipulated and how the DV is being measured
manipulate the independent variable
put results in a graph
create a table of results
16. what is predictive validity?
how accurately the research can predict the likelihood of something happening again in the future
how representative of real life behaviour the research is
whether the study is measuring what it intends to measure
influenced results
17. what validity measures how representative of real life behaviour the research is
ecological validity
internal validity
predictive validity
18. which type of experiment would it be unethical to change the IV?
quasi experiment
natural experiment
field experiment
lab experiment
19. what is an example of a one tailed hypothesis?
people who drink alcohol before driving will make significantly more driving mistakes than those who drink orange juice
there will be no significant difference in peoples driving performance whether they drink alcohol or not
there will be a significant difference is driving performance between those who drink alcohol before driving and those who drink orange juice before driving
20. which type of experiment is conducted in an artificial environment?
