what are the two main assumptions of the b.approach
1. behaviour is learnt through the neviroment via stimulus-response links 2. behaviour can be shaped through two types of conditions
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what is the definition of classical conditioning
behaviour is acquired through associative learning when an ucs and ns are paired together until the ns produces the same response
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what is the definition of extinguished
when a behaviour dissapears due to the cs being repeatedly sounded without the conditioned repsonse
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what is the definition of spontaneous recovery
when an extinguished behaviour reappears
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how is systematic desensitisation used to treat phobias
the cs is repeatedly produced without the conditioned response until the behaviour is extinguished
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what is the definition of unconditioned stimulus
it elicits a naturally occuring response
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what is the defintiion of reinforcement
something that increases the likelihood of a behaviour being repeated
7 of 21
explain classical conditioning in terms of pavlovs dog experiment
before c/c the ucs is food and the ucr is saliva the ns is the bell, the bell is rung before food after c/c ns becomes cs elicits cr
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what did pavlovs research proove
a neutral stimulus can be used to elicit a conditioned response through association
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( b.f. skinner) what is positive reinforcement
behaviour recieves reward which increases the likelihood of it being repeated
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what is negative reinforcement
behaviour is done in order to avoid the consequence of not doing it
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what is punishment
unpleasant consequence of behaviour in order to decrease the likelihood of it reoccuring
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what is the law of effect
rewards increase likelihood of behaviour reoccuring, punishment decreases it
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what is schedule of reinforcement
the consistency that a behaviour is reinforced
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why does skinner believe extinguishment occurs
the behaviour has stopped being reinforced
15 of 21
what animals did skinner use in his box
rats activated lever/pigeons pecked a disk
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how did skinner show positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement
food pellets and electric shocks
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what happened when skinner stopped delivery food pellets to test schedule of reinforcement
effected the response rate ( how often animal pressed) and the extinguishment rate ( how long until animal stops pressing the lever)
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what types of reinforcement had the quickest and slowest rate of extinguishment in skinners study
quickest- continuous ( rewarded every time) slowest- variable ratio ( behaviour reinforced after unpredicted amount of time e.g. gambling)
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outline the strengths of the behaviourist approach
1- scientific credibility/ link to pavlov and skinner / high control and validity 2- real life application/ oc used in token economies cc used to treat phobias/ benefits people
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outline the limitations of the behaviourist approach
1- animal/unethical/ungeneralisable to humans 2- enviromental determinism/ other approaches show importance of meidational processes
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what is the definition of classical conditioning
Back
behaviour is acquired through associative learning when an ucs and ns are paired together until the ns produces the same response
Card 3
Front
what is the definition of extinguished
Back
Card 4
Front
what is the definition of spontaneous recovery
Back
Card 5
Front
how is systematic desensitisation used to treat phobias
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