Alkanes 5.0 / 5 based on 1 rating ? ChemistryFunctional GroupsASAQA Created by: amm242Created on: 02-05-18 15:05 What is the polarity of alkanes? Non-polar because electronegativities of H and C are very similar 1 of 34 What is the boiling point of branched alkanes? Lower than straight chain alkanes because they can't pack together as closely 2 of 34 What is the trend in boiling points of alkanes? Increases with chain length because of increasing van der Waals 3 of 34 Are alkanes soluble? Insoluble in water because water's H bonds are stronger than van der Waals. 4 of 34 When are alkanes unreactive? With bases, acids, oxidising agents and reducing agents 5 of 34 When are alkanes reactive? With halogens under certiain conditions and they burn in oxygen 6 of 34 What is crude oil? A fossil fuel that's a mixture of branched and unbranched alkanes 7 of 34 How do you seperate crude oil? fractional distillation 8 of 34 How are the hydrocarbon chains seperated? Different boiling points so they condense at different temperatures when heated 9 of 34 Why is cracking useful? Produces more useful shorter chain alkanes and alkenes 10 of 34 What are the conditions of thermal cracking? Temp: 700-1200K, high pressure up to 7000kPa 11 of 34 What does thermal cracking produce? Short chain alkanes and high proportion of alkenes 12 of 34 What are the conditions of catalytic cracking? Temp: 720K, lower pressure, zeolite catalyst 13 of 34 What does catalytic cracking produce? Branched alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatic compounds 14 of 34 What does complete combustion form? Carbon dioxide and water 15 of 34 What does incomplete combustion form? Carbon monoxide (or carbon) and water 16 of 34 Dangers of nitrogen oxides Acid rain and photochemical smog 17 of 34 Formation of nitrogen oxides High temperatures in petrol engines when sparks ignite the fuel 18 of 34 Dangers of sulfur dioxide Acid rain 19 of 34 Formation of sulfur dioxide Sulfur-containing impurities in crude oil 20 of 34 Formation of carbon monoxide Incomplete combustion 21 of 34 Dangers of carbon monoxide Mixes with haemoglobin, reducing oxygen levels 22 of 34 Dangers of carbon Exacerbate asthma and cause cancer 23 of 34 Formation of carbon Incomplete combustion 24 of 34 Dangers of unburnt hydrocarbons Greenhouse gases, photochemical smog 25 of 34 Dangers of carbon dioxide Greenhouse gas, climate change 26 of 34 Formation of carbon dioxide Burning hydrocarbons 27 of 34 Dangers of water vapour Greenhouse gas 28 of 34 What is flue gas desulfurisation? Removing sulfur dioxide from gases produced by burning fossil fuels 29 of 34 What does calcium oxide and water desulfurisation produce? Calcium sulfite, further oxidised to form calcium sulfate 30 of 34 Other than CaO, what can be used to desulfur flue gases? Calcium carbonate to produce calcium sulfate and carbon dioxide 31 of 34 What do catalytic converters do? Reduce output of CO, NOx and unburnt hydrocarbons in exhaust gas 32 of 34 How do catalytic converters work? Honeycomb ceramic coated with platinum/rhodium metal catalysts. Forms nitrogen, carbon dioxide or water 33 of 34 How does carbon dioxide cause global warming? Traps infrared radiation, heating up Earth's atmoshpere 34 of 34
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