6. Studied Prison records of 831 male inmates in SW USA and found small but not significant relationship between gang membership and prison aggression suggesting importation of subcultural values
DeLisi et al
Poole and Regoli
Richards
Sapolsky
7. Prisoners import social histories and traits into a prison (factors include alcohol, drugs, race, education)
Importational Model
Situational Model
8. Suggested different subcultures: Criminal subculture, convict subculture, conventional subculture