using 8 sane men and women who changed their names and jobs, nothing else. Sought entrance into a mental hospital by 'hearing voices'. Once in they stopped acting and said they were fine.
using 8 schizophrenic men in a mental hospital, all asked to observe the conditions and treatments in the hospital
using 6 sane women who changed their entire history, sought entrance into a mental hospital by claiming depression. Once there they stopped acting and said they were fine.
7. deviating from social norms means
annoying other people when they've asked you not to
breaking the unwritten rules society has created to govern the way we behave
breaking laws of how to behave in public
8. two strengths of the biological approach
determinist and can be applied to every illness
determinist (patient doesn't feel at fault) and treats psychology as a science (can be tested for reliability)
reductionist and treats psychology as a science (can be tested for reliability)
9. three weaknesses
reductionist, can't establish cause and effect, not good for all illnnesses
no evidence, reductionist, not good for all illnesses
not good for all illnesses, can't establish cause and effect, research only on animals
10. two pieces of evidence for the idea of infections causing abnormality
Barr et al, who suggested that flu during pregnancy meant schizophrenia was more likely, and general paresis (causes illusions of grandeur) being caused by the disease syphilis
Barr et al, who suggested that flu during pregnancy meant schizophrenia was more likely, Hollands who looked at a link between depression and malaria
General paresis (causes illusions of grandeur) being caused by the disease syphilis, and Barr et al, who suggested that malaria was linked with depression
11. what were Jahoda's six criteria for this
confident, environmental mastery, control of anger, resistance to stress, intelligence, accurate perception of reality
autonomy, high self esteem, self actualisation, environmental mastery, resistance to stress, accurate perception of reality
accurate perception of reality, high self esteem, patient, autonomy, intelligent, self actualisation
12. What are the seven criteria Rosenhan and Seligman created for defining failure to function adequately
personal distress, maladaptive, unpredictability, irrationality, statistical rarity, violation of moral and ideal standards, observer discomfort
personal distress, observer discomfort, harmful, statistical rarity, impatient, unpredictability, maladaptive
maladaptive, quick to anger, irrationality, poor hygiene, observer discomfort, personal distress, statistical rarity
13. 3 more weaknesses
reductionist, norms may not be morally right, culturally biased
culturally biased, norms may not be morally right, hard to decide whether eccentric or abnormal
culturally biased, determinist, takes a lot of time
14. two weaknesses
context must be considered, norms can change over time
has ecological validity, context must be considered
norms can change over time, isn't practical
15. two pieces of evidence of the idea of genes causing abnormalities
relatives of schizophrenics being 18 times more likely to develop schizophrenia and Hollands, who looked at anorexia in 100% identical and 50% identical twins. 100% had a 56% chance of both having anorexia, 50% was only 6% chance.
relatives of schizophrenics being 10 times more likely to develop schizophrenia and Barr et al, who thought that there was a 70% chance of 100% identical twins having depression
Hollands, who looked at anorexia in 100% identical and 50% identical twins. 100% had a 86% chance of both having anorexia, 50% was only 1% chance and relatives of schizophrenics being 10 times more likely to develop schizophrenia
16. What was the aim of Rosenhan's 'being sane in insane places' study
to investigate the problems with defining abnormalities
to investigate the treatment of abnormal people
to investigate whether or not it was possible to fake a mental illness
17. what does the biochemistry idea assume
some chemicals in the body are damaging to behaviour, which must be dealt with by drugs
abnormality is due to chemical imbalances in the body, too little or too much neurotransmitter in the synapse is a problem.
chemicals in the brain can change wildly, causing abnormality
18. two strengths of this theory
irrationality can show the people really in need of help, isn't subjective
statistical rarity and violation of moral and ideal standards make it practical to identify those needing help, takes the individual's personal distress into account
takes the individual's personal distress into account, isn't subjective
19. what does failure to function adequately believe
behaviour is abnormal if people around you don't like what you are doing and feel uncomfortable
behaviour is abnormal if it is maladaptive (hinders our survival)
behaviour is abnormal if it makes us fail at tests
20. what are the key assumptions of the biological approach
we are not sure what causes abnormality but it is thought to come from the brain and chemical inbalances
abnormality has a physical cause, which should be treated medically. It is determinist and takes all blame away from the patient
abnormality is a disease, which should be treated medically. It is the patient's fault for not looking after their health.
