ABNORMALITIES - DEPRESSION

?
  • Created by: jawjeener
  • Created on: 13-04-16 19:16
Harrington et el
20% of first degree relatives have depression // General population - 10%
1 of 40
Gershon
Found rates of depression are 2-3 times higher than
2 of 40
Allen
Found a concordance rate of 40% for MZ twins // 11% for DZ twins
3 of 40
McGuffin et al
Looked at 109 reared apart MZ/DZ twins // MZ CR - 46% // DZ CR - 20%
4 of 40
Wender et al
Looked at relatives of those who had been adopted & hospitalised for depression // These relatives had a much higher rate for depression
5 of 40
McGuffin
Gives an example of a strength for genetic link // Studied 109 pairs MZ&DZ twins // Concluded caused by genes
6 of 40
Beck
Depression caused by 'catastrophising'
7 of 40
Beck
Cognitive triad // View of self // View of world // View of future
8 of 40
Butler and Beck
Gives a strength // Argued psychological explanation has practical applications // Looked at 14 meta-analyses // 80% benefitted
9 of 40
Lewisohn
Provided criticism // Studied p's before they were depressed // Found those who became depressed were no more likely to have negative thoughts
10 of 40
Freud
Argued depression is like grief // HOWEVER, there is a difference in that depressed people see themselves as worthless
11 of 40
Freud
Said there was a difference between ACTUAL losses and SYMBOLIC losses
12 of 40
Freud
Argued depression occurs when the super-ego is dominant
13 of 40
Waller et al
Provides a strength // Found men who had lost their fathers when they were younger scored higher on depression scale
14 of 40
Bifulco
Provides a strength // Children whose mothers had died // More likely to have depression
15 of 40
Cooper et al
Provides a weakness // Argued loss of relationships only accounts for a small % // ONLY 10% of those who lose someone become depressed
16 of 40
Comer
One weakness are methodological problems // Psychoanalysis isn't very effective // Depressed people find it hard to communicate and psychoanalysis needs this
17 of 40
Freud's theory
Freud's theory is PSYCHOLOGICALLY DETERMINISTIC // bc he argues depression occurs when super-ego is dominant
18 of 40
The main antidepressants
MAOI's // Tricyclics // SSRI's
19 of 40
MAOI's
Block the action of the enzyme that breaks down noradrenaline & serotonin
20 of 40
Tricyclics
Work in a similar way but have fewer side effects
21 of 40
SSRI's
Example - Prozac // Inhibit re-uptake of serotonin
22 of 40
Eysenck
Found SSRI's became commonly used because they had fewer side effects
23 of 40
Steiner
Argued there have been many recent reports that Prozac like PREOCCUPATION w/ violence & suicide
24 of 40
Drug treatments
Restored the public's faith in the medical profession
25 of 40
Stern
Supported effectiveness of antidepressants // Tested with placebos // Effective in reducing symptoms in 65-75% patients // Placebos only reduced symptoms 33% of time
26 of 40
Antidepressants
Work fast than psychotherapy / behavioural therapies // Provide immediate relief
27 of 40
The Depression Guideline Panel
Found a number of double blind studies showed medication is effective // 50-70% who completely treatment showed improvement
28 of 40
Ghetto et al
Looked at meta-analysis of 31 drug trials // Found continuing to take medication after remission gives a lower risk of recurrence
29 of 40
Aaron Beck
Developed CBT for depression
30 of 40
Ellis
Argued that some people have disturbed thoughts and this leads to anxiety & depression
31 of 40
Beck
argued that therapies for depression should involve uncovering and challenging negative and unrealistic beliefs
32 of 40
Beck
Cognitive triad // View of self // View of world // View of future
33 of 40
Butler et al
Supported the effectiveness of CBT in treating depression
34 of 40
Rush
Argued CBT is more effective than tricyclics
35 of 40
Jarret
108 patients over a 10 week trial // Found CBT and MAOI treatment are equally effective
36 of 40
Hollon
Found no difference between CBT and CBT used with tricyclic drugs
37 of 40
Hollon et al
Supported that studies on depression show CBT is equal/more effective than drugs
38 of 40
Evans et al
Presented that the relapse rate for CBT is lower
39 of 40
Brent et al
Looked at 107 teenagers teenagers diagnosed with major depression and compared CBT, systematicbehaviour family therapy and individual support therapy // CBT most effective // Friends argue rate of improvement is an important factor
40 of 40

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Found rates of depression are 2-3 times higher than

Back

Gershon

Card 3

Front

Found a concordance rate of 40% for MZ twins // 11% for DZ twins

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Looked at 109 reared apart MZ/DZ twins // MZ CR - 46% // DZ CR - 20%

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Looked at relatives of those who had been adopted & hospitalised for depression // These relatives had a much higher rate for depression

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Psychology resources:

See all Psychology resources »See all Abnormality resources »