Psychology
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- Created by: Katryna
- Created on: 22-10-12 20:07
Internal Validity
Whether the study has tested what it was intended to test; the degree to which the observed effect was due to the experimental manipulation rather than other factors such as extraneous variables.
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External Validity
The deegree to which a research finding can be generalised: to other settings (ecological validity); to other groups of people (population validity); over time (historical validity)
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Mundane realism
Refers to how a study mirrors the real world. The simulated task environment is realistic to the degree to the degree to which experiences encountered in the environment will occur in the real world.
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Confidentiality
A participant's right to have personal information protected.
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Deception
Where a participant is not told the true aims of a study and thus cannot give truly informed consent trully
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Informed Consent
participants have the right to be given a comprehensive information concerning the nature and purpose of the research their role init, in order that they can make an informed decision about whether to participate.
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Privacy
A person's right to control the flow of information about themselves.
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Protection from harm
Participants should not experience negative physical or psychological effects, such as physical injury, lowered self esteem or embarrassment.
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Right to withdraw
Participants should have the right to withdraw from participating in a study if they are uncomfortable in any way, and should also have the right to withdraw their results.
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Presumptive consent
A method of dealing with lack of informed consent or deception , by asking a group of people who are similar to the participants whether they would agree to take part in the study. It is presumed that real participants would act in the same way.
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Directional Hypothesis
States the dierection of predicted difference between two conditions or two groups of participants.
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Independent groups
Participants are allocated to two (or more) groups representing different experimenting conditions. Allocation is normally done using random techniques.
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Matched Pairs
Pairs of participants are matched in terms of key variables, such as IQ, age, etc. One member of each pair is placed in the experimental group and the other member in the control group.
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Order effect
In a repeated measure design, an extraneous variable arising from the order in which conditions are presented.
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Repeated measures
Each participant takes part in every condition
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Single Blind
A type of research design in which participant is not aware of the research aims or of which condition of the experiment they are receiving.
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Double blind
neither the participant nor the experimenter are aware of the research aims and other important details, thus have no expectations. In a single blind study only the participants are unaware.
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Investigator/experimenter bias
The effect that an investigator's expectations have on the participants and thus on the results of the research study.
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Investigator effect
Anything that an investigator does which has an effect on a participant's performance in the study, other than what was intended.
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Standard deviation
Shows the amount of variation in the data set. It asses the spread of data around the mean.
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Field experiment
A controlled experiment conducted outside a laboratory.
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Laboratory experiment
An experiment carried out in the controlled settings.
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Natural experimet
A research method in which the experimenter cannot manipulate the independent variable directly, but where it varies naturally and the effect can be observed on dependent variable.
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Inter observer reliability
The extent to which there is agreement between two or more observers involved in observation of behaviour.
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Observer bias
In observer studies, there is the danger that observers might see what they expect to see. This reduces the validity of the observation.
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Reliability
A measure of consistency both within the set of scores or items (internal reliability) and also over time (external validity).
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Target population
a group of people that researcher is interested in
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Volunteer bias
volunteers are usually highly motivated than the randomly selected participants.
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Interviewer bias
the efffect of an interviewer's expectations, communicated unconsciously, on a respondent's behaviour.
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Correlation Coefficient
A number between -1 and +1 that tells us how closely the co-variables in the correlational analysis are related.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The deegree to which a research finding can be generalised: to other settings (ecological validity); to other groups of people (population validity); over time (historical validity)
Back
External Validity
Card 3
Front
Refers to how a study mirrors the real world. The simulated task environment is realistic to the degree to the degree to which experiences encountered in the environment will occur in the real world.
Back
Card 4
Front
A participant's right to have personal information protected.
Back
Card 5
Front
Where a participant is not told the true aims of a study and thus cannot give truly informed consent trully
Back
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