What happens during the first stage of interphase?
G1 - rapid growth phase, organelles replicate. The cell increases in size.
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What happens during the second stage of interphase?
S - synthesis phase, DNA is replicated in the nucleus.
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What happens during the third stage of interphase?
G2 - second growth phase, cell continues to increase in size, energy stores are increased and duplicated DNA is checked for errors.
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What are the two stages involved in cell division?
Mitosis and cytokinesis.
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What is G0?
The name given to the phase when the cell leaves the cycle, either temporarily or permanently.
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What causes G0 to take place?
Differentiation, DNA of a cell being damaged and Ageing.
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Explain the first reason for G0 taking place
Differentiation - A cell that becomes specialised to carry out a particular function is no longer able to divide. It will carry out this function indefinitely and not enter the cell cycle again.
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Explain the second reason for G0 taking place
DNA of a cell may be damaged - A damaged cell can no longer divide and a period of permanent cell arrest (G0).
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Explain the third reason for G0 taking place
Ageing - The number of cells in your body increases as you age. Growing number of senescent cells have been linked with age related diseases (eg. arthritis and cancer).
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Name the three checkpoints that occur at various stages of the cell cycle
G1 Checkpoint, G2 Checkpoint and Spindle Assembly Checkpoimt
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Describe the first checkpoint
G1 Checkpoint - At the end of the G1 phase, before entry to the S phase. If cell satisfies the requirements it is triggered to begin DNA replication. If not, it enters a resting state (G0).
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Where is the second checkpoint located?
G2 Checkpoint - At the end of the G2 phase, before the start of the mitotic phase.
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What factors does the cell cell check in order for the second checkpoint to be passed?
There are a number of factors that need to be checked, including whether the DNA has been replicated without any errors.
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What happens if the second checkpoint is passed?
The cell initiates the molecular processes that signal the beginning of mitosis.
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Describe the third checkpoint
Spindle Assembly Checkpoint - This checkpoint is at the point in mitosis where all the chromosomes should be attached to spindles and have aligned. Mitosis can't proceed until this checkpoint is passed.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What happens during the first stage of interphase?
Back
G1 - rapid growth phase, organelles replicate. The cell increases in size.
Card 3
Front
What happens during the second stage of interphase?
Back
Card 4
Front
What happens during the third stage of interphase?
Back
Card 5
Front
What are the two stages involved in cell division?
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