Wilhelm Rontgen 1895
- Improved success rate of surgery
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Blood Transfusion
1900s Dr Karl Landsteiner discovered blood types
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Storing blood
- Blood often coagulated or clotted
- Blood Plasma could be stored on it's own
- Anticoagulants developed in 1943
- 1944 Freezing blood
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WW1 Blood transfusion
The donor had to be right next to the patients
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Magic bullet
Drug or chemical that targets a specific germ or bacteria and does not affect any other
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Salversan 606
Discovered by Paul Ehrlich used to treat Syphilis 1909
Sahashiro Hata
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Prontosil
gerhardt Domagk 1932
- red chemical dye
- saved Domagks daughter from blood poisoning
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Sulphonamides
Used to treat gonorrhoea. used active ingredient that cured blood poisoning
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Penecillin
Alexander Fleming 1928
Chance discovery
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Antibiotic
Kills bacteria
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Florey and Chain
1930s
Denied funding from the british government to produce penicillin on large scale
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How was penicillin mass produced
Mass produced in 1940s and used during the war
1944 - Enough penicillin to treat all casualties of D-Day
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Fleming, Florey and Chain won nobel prize for work on penicillin
1945
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WW1 impact on medicine
- Battle field surgery - new weapons, new injuries.
- Harold Gillies
- Blood transfusions, blood storage and transportation improvement
-X-Rays used to find bullets
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WW1 impact on surgery
- wounded soldiers developed gas gangrene
- Soaked wound with saline solution
- Carrel Dakin method
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WW2 impact on medicine
Dugs
Diet
Hygiene
Poverty
Surgery
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Shortages of food WW2
- Free school meals and milk were given to school children
- Every child provided for, future of country
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Heavy Bombing
-Set up emergency medical services to cope with casualties
- Hospitals places under government control
- Government measures were popular
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Evacuation
1.5 million children evacuated
- some children didn't brush their teeth, their habits shocked rural carers
- broke social distictions
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NHS
1948
Labour Party
Health care for all, government funded, doctors given a fixed salary
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Pre-NHS
Only elites received treatment
Hospitals were for the elderly
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Beveridge Report
1941, state should provide social security for all members of society. Wanted to eliminate squalor, ignorance, want idleness and disease
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