How are polymers broken down into their constituent monomers?
Hydrolysis reaction
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What are Monosaccharides?
Sugars made up of carbon hydrogen and oxygen
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What are the 3 most common Monosaccharides?
Glucose, Galactose and Fructose
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What are the isomers of glucose?
Alpha and beta glucose
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How are Disaccharides formed?
When two Monosaccharides join together in a condensation reaction, forming a glycosidic bond
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How is maltose formed?
In a condensation reaction where two molecules of glucose join together
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How is lactose formed?
In a condensation reaction where a molecule of glucose and galactose join together
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How is sucrose formed?
In a condensation reaction where a molecule of glucose and fructose join together
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How are disaccharides broken down?
In a hydrolysis reaction
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What is the test and positive result for reducing sugars?
Add Benedict's solution and gently heat, positive result shows colour change from blue to brick red
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What is the test and positive result for non-reducing sugars?
Add hydrochloric acid and then sodium hydrogencarbonate, then add Benedict's solution, positive result shows colour change from blue to brick red
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How are polysaccharides formed?
When many monosaccharides join together in a condensation reaction forming many glycosidic bonds
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Why is starch important?
Plants store excess glucose as starch, so when cells need more glucose the starch gets broken down
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What is starch a mixture of?
Amylose and amylopectin
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How does the structure of amylose link to its function?
Amylose is a long, unbranched chain of alpha glucose. The angles of glycosidic bonds give it a coiled structure making it compact and good for storage
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How does the structure of amylopectin link to its function?
Amylopectin is a long, branched chain of alpha glucose. The branches allow enzymes to break the glycosidic bonds quicker meaning glucose can be released quicker
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Why is glycogen important?
Animals store excess glucose as glycogen
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How does the structure of glycogen link to its function?
Glycogen is a compact molecule making it good for storage. There are many branches mean
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are polymers?
Back
Chains of many monomers bonded together
Card 3
Front
How are monomers joined together?
Back
Card 4
Front
How are polymers broken down into their constituent monomers?
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