6. What did people think caused disease in the early 1800s?
Spontaneous Generation/ Miasma
Evil Spirits/ Miasma
7. In 1796 Edward Jenner, a country Doctor that had trained with an important surgeon, developed a vaccination- But what was this?
Placing cowpox matter into a cut to prevent the individual from catching smallpox.
Placing smallpox matter into a cut to prevent the individual from catching smallpox.
8. The weakened Chicken Cholera, which has been exposed to the air, was injected into some chickens. They were then later injected with fresh, full strength, Chicken Cholera. But what happened?
They survived. Pasteur realised that the old germs must have protected the chickens in same way that Jenner's Cowpox vaccination had worked.
They all died due to contracting Chicken Cholera.
9. In 1938 Florey and Chain grew enough penicillin to test on a human. Was it successful?
Yes- it was given to a policeman (Albert Alexander) all was going well until they ran out of penicillin. Albert then died.
No- it was given to a policeman (Albert Alexander) all was going well until they ran out of penicillin. Albert then died.
10. Compulsory vaccination of children was strictly enforced between 1872-1887. What changed in 1887?
Parents could choose whether to have the vaccination or not.
The vaccine was compulsory
11. In 1928 Alexander Fleming left a pile of Petri dishes containing Staphylococci bacteria. Oh his return to his laboratory what did he discover?
He noticed mould in the Petri dishes. The mould had prevented the Staphylococci bacteria from growing.
He noticed mould in the Petri dishes. The mould had not prevented the Staphylococci bacteria from growing.
12. In 1909 Paul Ehrlich (a member of Robert Koch's research team) developed the first chemical cure for a disease (syphilis). What was the cure called?
Salvarsan 606 (606 attempts to create it) -This was a magic bullet because it honed in on the disease and destroyed the bacteria.
Salvarsan 506 (506 attempts to create it) -This was a magic bullet because it honed in on the disease and destroyed the bacteria.
13. Louis Pasteur carried out a number of experiments to show that germs existed in the air and these caused illness. When did he do this?
1864
1764
14. Why did Jenner face opposition?
He didn't know exactly how his vaccination worked which stopped him being able to develop other vaccinations.
His vaccination was too expensive and so many people could not afford it.
15. What was set up in 1866?
The Anti-Vaccine League
The Jenner Fan Club
16. Robert Koch developed methods of proving which bacterium was causing a particular disease. How was he able to do this?
Developed a solid culture (potatoes) to grow the bacteria. He then used colour dye to stain the bacteria and photographed it through a microscope.
Used colour dye to stain the bacteria and photographed it through a microscope.
17. Louis Pasteur went on to successfully save a boy, Joseph Meister, who had been bitten by a rabid dog. He was able to do this as he had developed a rabies vaccine. When was this vaccine developed and used?
1885
1858
18. Alexander Fleming was unable to develop a pure penicillin drug from the mould he had discovered- But why?
No one would provide funding or further specialist help.
He was just too busy to continue researching penicillin.
