Kinetics

• Reactions only occur when collisions take place between paerticles having SUFFICIENT energy.
• Activation energy is the minimum energy required to start a reaction by the breaking of bonds.
• Most collisions don't lead to a reaction because particles don't have enough energy exceeding the activation energy, and particles don't have the correct orientation. 
• Rate of a chemical reaction - defined as the change in concentration of a substance in a given time. units: MOLDM-3S-1
• As a reaction proceeds, the rate decreases as the concentration of reactants falls. 
• The rate at a particular time is equal to the gradient at that time.

FACTORS AFFECTING REACTION RATE

• Concentration - increasing the concentration increases the rate, this is because there are more particles in a given volume, so there are more frequent SUCCESSFUL collisions in a given time. 
• Pressure - Increasing the pressure of gases increases the rate,this is because the same particles are in a smaller volume, therefore there will be more frequent successful collisions.
• Surface area - increasing the SA of solids increases the rate, this is because breaking solids into finer powder exposes more of the particles,…