Civil Rights in America Synthesis Turning Points

Synthesis Question Turning Points

Women:

-        Work and unemployment, Gilded Age: Women tended to be unmarried and educated. 950,000 white collar workers by 1900. 2880, 2.6 million to 8.6 million women workers. Florence Kelly recognised the rights of women to work. ECONOMIC

-        AWSA, 1869: They wanted to secure the ballot for women by an amendment to the Constitution. It was founded by Lucy Stone, Henry Blackwell, and Julia Ward Howe. RACE AND CLASS

-        NWSA, 1869: Primarily worked at the federal level in its campaign for women’s right to vote, they encouraged women to attempt to vote and to file lawsuits if prevented. It was founded by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. RACE AND CLASS

-        WCTU, 1873: Saw alcohol as a threat to the home and family, it was a state centred campaign, the first women mass movement in 1874 despite the continuation of separate spheres and centrality of family and home. RACE AND CLASS, IDEOLOGY, SOCIAL

-        Comstock Act, 1873: Forbade birth control so women could not protect themselves from unwanted pregnancies. SOCIAL

-        Minor v Happersett 1875: Virginia Minor, of NWSA, has been barred from voting in St. Louis due to Missouri Law stating that only men get right to suffrage. When the case went to Supreme Court, it was ruled that they couldn’t grant women to vote but states could individually grant it. NAWSA managed to get 8 states after that to grant women the vote. STRATEGY, POLITICAL

-        Hull Hose, 1889: provided health care so women could go to work as well as having recognition of environmental factors causing poverty and crime. There was still the problem of the continuation of separate spheres. IDEOLOGY

-        NAWSA, 1890: was the combination of AWSA and NWSA, it is significant because it is the first union of mixed races in a United movement, however, there were many complications as the African American women would feel inferior to the white middle-class women. In 1918, 20 states had given women the vote in state elections. RACE AND CLASS

-        NACW, 1896: was created due to the white supremacism within the suffragette movement, it mainly protested anti-lynching but was a significant movement for African American women. RACE AND CLASS

-        WTUL 1907: it was the most effective alliance between middle, upper, and working-class women. However, they struggled due to the AFL being deeply biased. RACE AND CLASS

-        Uprising of the Thirty Thousand, 1909: this strike, and Clara Lemlich, made visible a new generation of working women, predominately radical young Jewish immigrants in the garment industry. It established the ILGWU as a major union. IDEOLOGY

-        CUWS 1913: Founded by Alice Paul, she took inspiration from the suffragettes with their hunger strikes, radical ideas, and illegal voting. It got them media attention.

-        WWI, 1914-1918: even though most women stopped their protests to help the war, there was…