Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides

• Monosachharides are monomers of carbohydrates
  • Glucose, fructose, galactose
• Sweet-tasting and soluble
• 2 isomers of glucose: a-glucose and b-glucose

Disaccharides

• Glycosidc bonds form between 2 monosachharides
• Disaccharides are formed during a condensation reaction between 2 monosaccharides
  • Maltose = glucose + glucose
  • Sucrose = glucose + fructose
  • Lactose = glucose + galactose

Polysaccharides

• Polymers formed by the condensation of many glucose monomers
• Starch:energy storage in plants
  • Polymer of a-glucose
  • Unbranched chain wound into tight coil so it's compact- lots stored in small space
  • Branched chain has many ends so enzymes can release glucose rapidly
  • Insoluble so doesn't affect water potential of cell- water not drawn in by osmosis
  • Hydrolysed to form a-glucose- easily transported and used in respiration
• Glycogen: energy…