Biology

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  • Created by: Kinza
  • Created on: 10-05-13 19:48

BLOOD PRESSURE

130 / 70 130 is the systolic blood pressure and 70 is the diastolic. It is measured the units mm Hg.  

RESPIRATION  

Respiration: Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon dioxide + water + energy aerobic respiration:      glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy anaerobic respiration:       glucose = lactic acid + energy

Oxygen debt is when there is a lack of oxygen in your cells. You continue to breathe deeply until you body has enough oxygen to break down the lactic acid.  

HEALTH AND DIET  

Animal proteins are called 'first class proteins' which contains amino acids that we need and our body does not create it. Kwashiorkor is protein dificiency.    

Enzymes break our food down into smaller molecules. these are absorbed into the the gut wall called chemical digestion.  

Protein: Proteases Fat: Lipases Carbohydrate: Carbohydrases

Bile is added to the food in the small molecules. Bile is a chemical produced in the liver. When it is added, it breaks it into smaller droplets. This is called emulsification. This increases the surface area of the fat for the enzymes to work on.

These molecules of food are then absorbed through the walls of the small intenstine into the the blood plasma. This process happens by diffusion. 

EAR calculates how much protein needed.

BMI calculates if your body weight is right or not.      

DISEASE  

4 types of diseases: Genetic conditions, pathogens, deficiencies, and cancer

Benign tumour is is when cellsstop producing

Malignant tumour is when the cell keeps on growing and attcks other tissues. 

Malaria is caused by a parasite. Humans and other animalsare the host. The parasite is spread by a mosquito. Animals that carry diseases are called vectors.  

Microorganisms release toxins. These are called pathogens and have antigens on the outside of the pathogen.   White blood cells create antibodies that attack the pathogen. It then engulfes it whch is called the phagocytosis process  

Active immunity: when our body create antibodies quickly for disease we already have. This can be also acheived through vaccination.

Passive immunity: body gets pathogens ffrom external source e.g. mother's antibodies are passed on  

Antibiotics, when given wrongly, can make bacteria resistant to antibiotics. MRSA is a bacteria which is resistant to almost all  known antibiotics.   

THE EYE    

Light enters the through the eyeball where it is refracted by the cornea. the lens focuses the light onto the retina. the lens change shape to focus the light coming form different distances. this is called accomadation.    

Structure                 For close viewing     Distant viewing                 Ring of ciliary muscle          Contracted                   Relaxed         Suspensory ligaments            Slacken                    Become taut                    Lens                                      Round,fat                   Thin, flat                  

When the ciliary muscle contracts, it relaxes the suspensory ligamentsallowing the lens to become fatter. when the muscle relaxes it puts tension on the ligaments and stretches the lens to make it thinner. (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Anatomy_and_physiology_of_animals_Structure_of_the_eye.jpg) Cornea: Refracts light    Iris:

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