Structure and Anatomy of the Human Body
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- Created by: amazingemilyjones
- Created on: 15-04-19 21:13
Structure and Anatomy of the Human Body
Structure and Anatomy of the Human Body
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Human Organs
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Anatomy
- Anatomical terminology: common language of special terms used by scientists and health-care professionals when referring to body structures and their functions
- Anatomical position: subject stands erect (body is upright) facing observer
- Head level
- Eyes facing directly forward
- Arms at sides
- Palms turned forward
- Feet -flat on floor and facing forward
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Supine and Prone Positions
- Supine position: body is face up
- Prone position: body is face down
- Regional names
- head (cephalon)
- neck (cervicis)
- trunk
- upper limbs
- lower limbs
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Head/Cephalon (Cephalic)
- Skull/cranium (cranial)
- Encloses and protects brain
- Face (facial)
- Anterior (front) portion of the head
- Includes:
- forehead
- eye
- cheeks (buccal)
- nose (nasal)
- mouth (oral)
- chin
- ear (otic)
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Neck/Cervicis (Cervical)
- Supports head
- Attaches head to trunk
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Trunk
- Chest/thorax/thoracis (thoracic)
- Breast/mamma (mammary)
- Abdomen (abdominal)
- Navel/umbilicus (umbilical)
- Pelvis (pelvic)
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Upper Limb
- Shoulder
- Armpit
- Arm
- Back of elbow
- Front of elbow
- Forearm
- Wrist
- Hand
- Palm
- Thumb
- Fingers
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Lower Limb
- Groin
- Pubis
- Thigh
- Knee cap
- Leg
- Ankle
- Feet
- Toes
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Planes and Sections
Directional Terms
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Body Cavities
- Spaces within the body that help:
- Protect internal organs
- Separate internal organs
- Support internal organs
- Different cavities are separated by
- Bones
- Muscle
- Ligaments
- 2 principal cavities:
- dorsal cavity
- ventral cavity
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Dorsal and Ventral Cavity
Dorsal Body Cavity
- Located near the dorsal (posterior) surfact of the body
- Cranial cavity
- Formed by cranial bones
- Contains the brain
- Vertebral (spinal) canal
- Formed by bones of the vertebral column (backbone)
- Contains spinal cord
- Meninges
- 3 layers of protective issue
- Line dorsal body cavity
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Ventral Body Cavity
- Located on the ventral (anterior) aspect of the body
- 2 main subdivisions:
- Thoracic cavity
- Abdominopelvic cavity
- Diaphragm
- Large dome-shaped muscle that powers lung expansion during breathing
- Forms floor of thoracic cavity
- Forms roof of abdominopelvic cavity
- Viscera
- Organs in ventral cavity
- Serous membrane
- Covers the viscero and lines the walls of thorax and abdomen
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Ventral Body Cavity
Thoracic Cavity
- Encircled by:
- the ribs
- muscles of the chest
- sternum (breast bone)
- thoracic portion of the vertebral column (backbone)
- 3 smaller cavities inside thoracic cavity:
- pericardial cavity
- pleural cavities
- mediastinum
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Pericardium
- Pericardial cavity: fluid filled space that surrounds the heart
Pleural Cavities and Mediastinum
Abdominopelvic Cavity
- Inferior portion of the ventral cavity
- Encircled by:
- abdominal wall
- bones and muscles of the pelvis
- Divided into 2 portions (not separated by wall)
- Abdominal cavity
- Contains: stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, most of large intestine
- Pelvic cavity
- Contains: urinary bladder, portions of the large intestine, internal organs of reproductive system
- Abdominal cavity
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Abdominopelvic Cavity
- Peritoneum: serous membrane of the abdominal cavity
Abdominopelvic Quadrants
- A transverse and midsagittal plane are passed through the umbilicus (belly button)
- Used by clinicians for describing the site of abdominopelvic:
- pain
- tumour
- other abnormality
- Right upper quadrant
- Left upper quadrant
- Right lower quadrant
- Left lower quadrant
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