Rivers

Erosion

• Hydraulic Action - Sheer force of the water hitting the bed and banks
• Abrasion - Parts of the load hitting the bed and banks
• Attrition - Parts of the load hitting each other
• Solution - Acidic water dissolving rock like Chalk

Transportation 

• Traction - Larger stones or boulders rolled along the river bed
• Saltation - Stones and pebbles bounced along the bed
• Suspension - Fine particles carried by the river
• Solution - Rock dissolved in the water

Waterfall

• Band of hard rock then soft rock
• Soft rock erodes faster than hard rock forming a step
• Continual erosion of the soft rock forms a steep fall
• Erosion from the high velocity of the fall forms a plunge pool at the bottom of the waterfall

Gorge

• As a waterfall is formed the soft rock at the bottom keeps getting eroded
• The hard rock is being undercut by the soft rock leaving the hard rock overhanging
• Soon the overhang collapses into the plunge pool and the waterfall retreats
• The process repeats and the waterfall retreats leaving a waterfall

Oxbow-Lakes

Levee and floodplain

• Formed when the river floods. Flooded water is stagnant so deposits its load
• Deposition of larger material occurs mainly on the bank leaving a larger mound there
• As more floods occur the mound gets bigger forming a levee
• The silt and material left on the flooded land makes the land flat and fertile - floodplain