Organisms and Life Processes

MRS NERG(C)

MOVEMENT- all or part of organism

RESPIRATION - energy from food

STIMULI - respond to changes around them

NUTRITION - need for food

EXCRETION - removal of waste products

REPRODUCTION - producing offspring

GROWTH - and development

CONTROL - their internal environment

• Multicellular (bodies made up of many cells)

• Cells contain chloroplasts (chlorophyll captures sun energy) in order to carry out photosynthesis (using water + CO2 -> sugar + oxygen)

• Cell wall made of cellulose

• Store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose

• Sucrose is transported around plant and sometimes stored in  fruit

• Flowering plants: such as a cereal (for example maize)
• Herbaceous legume: (for example peas or beans)

• Multicellular

• Cells do not contain chloroplasts and do not carry out photosynthesis

• Eat other organisms for energy

• Do not have a cell wall

• Most have a form of nervous system for coordination

• Move whole bodies

• Carbohydrate stored is glycogen

• Vertebrates - have a backbone (spinal column) fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals

• Invertebrates - do not have a backbone; sponges, molluscs, worms, strafish, insects and crustaceans

• Some multicellular (mushroom,toadstools and moulds), or unicellular 

• Cell walls made of chitin

• Not able to carry out photosynthesis

• Multicellular: made up of  mycelium; thread-like structures called hyphae, which contain many nuclei

• Saprophytic Nutrition: Secrete enzymes to digest food outside of cell then absorb digested products

• Store carbohydrates as glycogen

• Act as decomposers

• Example: Mucor, which has the typical fungal hyphal structure
• Yeast, which is single-celled 

• Microscopic and single celled

• Common shapes- spheres, rods and spirals

• Complex cell wall made of polysaccharides and proteins

• Lack nucleus. Have a circular chromosome of DNA 

• Small extra circles of DNA are plasmids

• Some contain chlorophyll so can carry out photosynthesis, most feed off living and dead organisms

• Some have slime capsules for protection or flagella for movement

• Examples: Lactobacillus bulgaricus, a rod-shaped bacterium used in the production of yoghurt from milk. 
• Pneumococcus, a spherical bacterium that acts as the pathogen causing pneumonia 

• Microscopic and single celled

• Mixed organisms that do not fit in any other kingdom

• Most unicellular, and some multicellular

• Some live in ponds like Amoeba, and have features similar to animals

• Chlorella, a unicellular freshwater alga, has chloroplasts and are more like plants

• Plasmodium, a pathogenic parasite, causes malaria

• Smaller than bacteria

• Parasites that can only reproduce inside a cell of a host 

• Infect every type of living organism

• They have no cellular structure but have a protein coat

• Contain one type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA 

• Very simple and found in a variety of geometrical shapes 

• Each type  of virus causes a specific disease in an organism it is adapted to infect 

• Examples: tobacco mosaic virus that causes discolouring of the leaves of tobacco plants by preventing the formation of chloroplasts.
• The influenza virus that causes ‘flu’
• The HIV virus that causes AIDS