Nigeria

Social

• Multiethnic (e.g. Igbo 18%) and multifaith (e.g. Christianity)
• Largest population in Africa, growing at 2.4% a year
• 70% in poverty
• Music enjoyed around Africa, and Nollywood is 2nd largest film studio in the world

Political

• Ruled by the British until 1960
• Government is non corrupt since 1999
• China invests in construction in Abuja (capital)

Environmental

• NE is semi desert, further South has cattle on the Savanna
• Jos Plateau is wetter, more densely populated and has woodland
• Southern Nigeria has high temperatures + rainfall, bur the tsetse fly kills cattle

Why go to Nigeria?

• Stable government
• Many speak English, alongside more use of telecommunications
• Growth in manufacturing e.g. textiles

Advantages

• Allows the import of new technologies
• Create many jobs
• Invests money (+ tax) to aid development

Disadvantages

• Jobs poorly paid, insecure and may be child labour
• Profits go to HICs
• Pollutes the environment sometimes

Advantages

• SPDC health clinics and 3000 school places
• 90% staff Nigerian (6000 + 20000 jobs)
• Gives billions in tax (e.g. £20 billion in 2013)

Disadvantages

• Gas flaring still goes on and is illegal
• 9,000,000 barrels of oil spilled into the Niger Delta over 50 years
• 75% now have no access to clean water near the sites

Why?

• 60% live on less than 63p a day
• Most successful projects are small

What has been done?

• Nets for Life provides malaria education and mosquito nets
• World Bank loans diversify business away from oil
• UK provides HIV training in rural areas

Problems

• Rumours some aid goes to the Navy instead
• People can influence who it goes to, to promote themselves
• Corruption

Industrial Growth

• 10000 illegal businesses
• Toxic waste is dumped or leaked
• Fumes cause breathing problems

Urban Growth

• Squatter settlements are forming
• 70 - 80% forests destroyed through urban development
• Services not keeping pace with the rapid growth (e.g. waste collection)

Mineral and Oil Extraction

• Tin mining leads to soil erosion
• Oil spills damage ecosystems and cause fires (releasing CO2)

Current Status

• In 2000 it was one of the least developed nations for health
• It has had one of the highest average HDI improvements over the last 10 years

General Indicators (1990 -> 2013)

• Life expectancy : 46 to 52
• Births attended by skilled staff : 31% to 38%
• Sanitation facilities access: 37% to 28%
• Mortality rate : 213 per 1000 to 117 per 1000
• Safe water : 46% to 64%