Memory

Atkinson and Shiffrin  (1968)

• Sensory  - attention - STM - rehearsal - LTM
                      |                        |
     Displacement  Damage and Decay 

Sperling (1960)

• Asked participants to recall lines of letters shown briefly to them
• Found 3.3 letters were recalled on average
• Sensory memory has a capacity of 9-10 items
• The Iconic (visual) has a duration of 200-400 milliseconds
• The echoic (auditory) has a duration of 2-3 seconds

Miller (1956)

• Numbers, increasing in length, are read and asked to be repeated
• Average memory was 7±2
• Proposed the ‘chunking’ method to increase STM

•      ☹ Reading aloud becomes rhythmical

       ☹ Baddeley (1975) found one syllable words easier to remember

• Found a Capacity of 7 ± 2
• Proposed that 'Chunking' helped memory
• Duration of 18 to 30 seconds
• Encoded acoustically

LTM

• Indefinite capacity
• Indefinite duration
• Encoded Semantically