Making Off Without Payment

S3 THEFT ACT 1978

GOODS SUPPLIED OR SERVICES DONE (GOODS ARE TANGIBLE ITEMS GIVEN TO D, SERVICES DEFINED IN S1(2) AS A CONFERED BENEFIT THAT HAS TO BE PAID FOR) THE SERVICE MUST BE COMPLETED BEFORE D MAKES OFF

MAING OFF FROM THE SPOT WHERE PAYMENT IS REQUIRED (R v BROOKS & BROOKS) THE SPOT MAY BE A PHYSICAL PLACE OR A TIME, DEPENDS ON CIRCUMSTANCES

FAILURE TO PAY AS REQUIRED OR EXPECTED, THE POINT AT WHICH PAYMENT IS REQUIRED MUST BE REACHED (TROUGHTON v MPC), PAYMENT CAN BE AGREED TO BE POSTPONED (R v VINCENT)

KNOWLEGE THAT PAYMENT ON THE SPOT IS REQUIRED OR EXPECTED

INTENTION TO PERMANENTLY AVOID PAYMENT

DISHONESTY - GHOSH TEST:

WAS IT DISHONEST BY THE ORDINARY STANDARDS OF THE ORDIANRY AND REASONABLE PERSON

DID D REALISE IT WAS DISHONEST BY THOSE STANDARDS