law chapter 1

• rules devlope from 'norms of behaviour'
• many rules will be about morality
• ' a general norm, mandating or guiding conduct' - twining and miers
• we sumbit ourselves to it voluntarily or because its enforceable 
• there are rules that operate in specific contexts
• rules that come from custom are driven by feelings of self-guilt
• custom rules can harden into rights and then become so widely excepted that it becomes common law
• rules are generally obeyed :
• 1) they carry a sense of obligation
• 2) because  its reasonable and fair
• 3) a penalty may be imposed if the rule is broken

norms of behaviour:

• developed over time
• ought to be obeyed
• are enforced by dissaproval of the community
• are voluntary and apply only to those ho accept them

law:

• can be changed instantly
• must be obeyed
• are enforced by the courts
• are obligatory and apply to everyone

                                                                                 criminal cases:

purpose of law:                                       to maintain law and order, and to protect society

person starting the case:                   usually the state through the crown prosecution service

legal name for person:                                                      prosecutor

courts hearing case:                                 megistrates court   +  crown court

standard of proof:                                                      beyond resonable doubt

person/s making the decision:                     guilty(convicted) or not guilty (aquitted)

powers of the court:                                         prison, community order, fine, driving ban

                                                                      civil law:

purpose of the law:                   to uphold the rights of indivisuals

person starting case:               the indivisual whose rights have been affected

legal name for person:             claiment

courts hearing cases:               county court  +  high court

standard of proof:                       the balance of probabilities

person/s making desicions:     judge ( very rarely a jury)

desicions:                                 liable or not liable

powers of court:                         award of damages, injunctio, specific performance of a contract