When microorganisms enter the body, they release toxins. The toxins damage cells to cause the symptoms of the disease. The body’s first line of defence is its natural barriers which include:
- skin
- chemicals in tears
- chemicals in sweat
- stomach acid.
The body’s first line of defence is called passive immunity, which means preventing the pathogen from entering in the first place. If a pathogen manages to get into the body, the second line of defence takes over, which is called active immunity. The white blood cells have key functions in this.
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