History

NATO- The North Atlantic Treaties Organisation

The main objective of NATO was for the USA to have bases in Europe.

The U.S.S.R  took this as a threat. 

Created in 1949.

Included all communist countries, members would defend each other if attacked.

Created in 1955.

Between 1950-53

Russia leaves North Korea and America leaves South Korea.

North Korea invades South Korea, North Korea takes over.

UN helps South Korea. 

North Korea and South Korea fight over 38th parrel.

treaty under Eisenhower stops fighting.

In the 1950s an arms race was being played by USA and USSR.

Both did not want a confrontation.

So they recruited allies and helped them if attacked.

For example the Korean war 1950-53. Brutal war with high casualty rates.

american casualty rates higher in Korea than in Vietnam. 

Between 1946-49 2 billion dollars were given to help Nationalist China led by Chiang Kai-Shek.

However, forced to retreat to the island of Formosa.

President Truman watched as communism spread in Nalaga, Indonesia, Burma, Philippines, and Korea.

America felt communism would take over Asia.

The Truman Doctrine was created to help countries threatened by communism.

The USA did not recognize communist China and only recognized national China in exile.

Japan controlled Korea until 1945.

Korea liberated by Russia and USA.

North was Communist and South was anti-communist(not very democratic either though).

South supported by the USA.

Bitter hostility between Kim ill sung(north) and Syngman Rhee (south).

In 1950 conflict broke out. 75,000 NK troops supplied by USSR and China defeated the south.

Korea under communist control apart from Pusan which became the capital of SK.

Born in 1912.

In 1931 joined the communist party.

Became a major in the Soviet army 1941-45.

Assumed control of NK in 1945.

In 1948 NK became a communist republic.

In 1950 invaded SK.

Died 1994.

Born 1875-well educated.

1910-1940 worked against Japan who controlled Korea.

1945 set up a provisional government won the election in 1948.

1950 USA supported SK.

Lost power in 1960, died 1965.

Truman sent 'advisors', supplies and warships to Korea. Truman put a lot of pressure on UN security council to condemn NK and withdraw their troops.

Russia would off vetoed this but they were boycotting the UN because China was not recognized.

USA was a powerful member of the UN because it contributed so much to the budget, this led to the UN members creating a task force to push NK out off SK. 

UN asked NK to leave SK, NK refused UN created the invasion force.

50% off armed forces, 86% off the naval force, 93% off air forces provided by the USA.

General Douglas McArthur was in charge off invasion force.

NK pushed SK to Pusan.

Seoul had fallen in June.

A real threat of SK army being defeated.

UN forces stormed ashore at Inchon.

Port captured by US-led forces

Within 11 days Seoul was recaptured.

Early October NK drove out of SK past the 38th parrel.

McArthur did not stop.

September 1950 he went to capture NK.

China joined the war on NK side

October 1950 UN forces pushed close to Yala river (border to China)

McArthur and Truman went beyond what was set by the UN.

25th October 1950 200,000 Chinese volunteers joined NK.

Modern tanks and planes are given by the USSR.

UN pushed back beyond the 38th parrel.

January 1951 pushed back to the 38th parrel.

Casualties rising on both sides and were both back to where they started.

McArthur wanted to invade China and use nuclear weapons.

Truman wanted to contain communism and saving SK was enough.

March 1951 McArthur ignored orders and sent UN troops into NK.

McArthur was removed from the position and sent home.

By the end of 1951, the front line was holding.

Frontline barely moved till armistice was signed in 1953.

July 1951, peace talks began though no progress made because of a dispute over prisoners.

End of 1951, frontline holding around 38th parrel to break deadlock USA decided to use air power to destroy essential targets eg: military bases.

1951-53, for over 2 years both sides thought each other over the air. They used USSR plains and pilots. UN lost around 3500 planes while NK and allies lost 3000 planes.

November 1952, Harry Truman is replaced as president by Dwight D. Eisenhower who wants the war to end.

March 1953, Joseph Stalin dies. NK and China not confident that new USSR leader would support them.

27 July 1953, UN, China and NK sign an armistice at Panmunjom.

S.E.A.T.O- South East Asian Treaty Organisation created.

NK and SK casualties 13 million.

China casualties 500,000

USA casualties 30,000

Cold war no longer confined to Europe.

Millions of refugees, agriculture, and industry destroyed.