history

Republic: A country without a king or a queen  Reichtag: The german parliment 

Democracy: where the goverment is elected   

Putsh: a voilent uprisng intended to over                                                                                        throw existing leaders

Indroctinate: To teach someone to fully accept the ideas,opinons and beliefs of a particular group and not to consider other ideas, opinions, beliefs.

KPD: Communist   SPD: Social democrats Rights wing: supporting religion Left Wing:supporting workers.

Hyperinflation: Millions lst their saving and there was a wild spred poverty. many turnedaginst the goverment( WR) frech were occuping the Ruhr and had nothing to sell abroad. They had no choice, but print out money- led to inflation. Money value went down and prices went up. goverment told them not to work but 'resist passivley'

French occupation of Ruhr:Policy: called pssive resistant    Positive: promised to keep up reparations payments to france   Negative: The french left Ruhr

Germany is trusted by other countries:  policy: decided to co-operate with other countries in Europe. Positive: stressman signed calarno with Britain, France, Italy and promised not to invade each other. Negative: german thought they were weak.

Reparations: policy: promised to pay reparations and hoped they would lower the prices. Positive: the Dawes plan (1924) gave them longer time to pay reparations Negative: Dawes and young were hated by the goverment.

Rebuilding the economy: Policy:organised big loans from USA (part of Dwas plan) Positive: improved houses, hospitals, road etc. Negative: German ecomnony depended on the USA

Women:

• Had the right to vote
• right in elections
• allowed to work
• more female doctors rose from 2,500-50,000
• but, they were paid 33 percent less than men
• birth rate falling

In genral:

• social reforms-provided benifit
• The housing crisis- invested new buildings
• wages- increased by 9 percent

Why did it fail?

lack of planning: When Hitler was else where, Lundendroff realeses Khar, Seisser and lossow.

lack of resources: 2000 rifles, outgunned, didn't have army barrats.

lack of support: 1000supporters (SA)-who robbed the bamk owned by jews. 2000 volenter supporters. Kahr, lossow + Seisser who failed to support Hitler. The army stayed loyal to the state goverment.

How was it a sucsess?

• A publicity for the Nazi party
• Provided support in high places

Writers: Sciece fiction approved-critisised politcians.

Cinema: started to improve 'metrapolis'- famous scince fiction. After decades of respective authorian goverment WR was a period of liberalisation.

Architecture: Buhaus movmment produced cheap. Bahamus-named after art school. opperated from 1919-1933-- when it was closed down by the nazi. Wanted large quantities for customers.mid1920-strated to produce furniture desgins thaty embraced simple, butfunctional form.

3 ks women had to obey:

• church- kirche
• cooking-kuche
• cleaning-kinder

Professional women had to leave their jobs and stay at home and lookm after thier kids. There was medlas given out to women. (8 children=glod medal)

Marriage: 1000 marks- a loan was given to you (8 months wage)

Family: Awards given to women who gave birth

employment: Professional to leave work at stay at home

ALL YOUNG SHOULD SUPPORT THE NAZI + BE PROUD GERMANS

GRILS :

• housewife
• having strong healthy children

Boys:

• prepared to fight 
• strong                    Boys youth clubs:

Ploitical training: Had to report anyone even teacers/parents who were dissoyal to the nazi. members had to attend residnetal courses where they were told about nazi ideas.

Military training: had to practise skills, map-reading and signalling. By 1938 1.2 million boys in Hitlers youth were being trained in small groups for shooting

Charecter Training: Hitlers youth drilled SA instructors, pluged into ice water to toughen them.

Grils youth groups:

Political training: Trained to cook, clean, iron, make beds and sow.(housewife raining) Taught racial hygiene-'marry and bread with aryan to keep race pure'

Aryan race- superior

women:

• blue eyes
• long hair
• blonde hair
• traditional long dress
• have strong healthy children

Boys:

• sporty
• tall
• muscular
• fighter
• blue eyes

• T-territroy
• R-reparations
• A-armed forces
• W-war guilt
• L-league of nations

Germany lost:

• 10% of its land
• 10% of its oversea colonies
• 12.5 of its population
• 16% of its coal fields
• 1/2 irons and steel industry

Nationalism: Reversing Treaty of Versailles, drive out commuist, provide land ofr german farmers to produce food.

Socialism: using the wealth of industry and land to benifit german working people, not rich, lamd owners and industralist.

Totalarlansm: throwing democracy, which Hitler belived to be weak and instead putting power in hand state.

Traditional German Values: strong family values, clear male/female roles and strong work ethics.

**: Hitler didnt trust the SA because many storm troops were violent thugs and difficult to control. 1925- Hitler took 2 steps to tighten his control of his paramiliary forces.

The bamberg conference(1926) split between nortan industral germany and south rural communist. some parties wanted to cause making germany any great again. what happend?- hitler dropped strasser sociologist emphasis-hitler outed those in the party that appeard to be communist (enemines of nazi) socialist principes of nazi party were weakend and this gave hitler more freedom to adopt and policies he made.

• stock market crashed 
• worlds economy was plunged into the 'great depression'
• 1923- greatest sconomic depression
• unemplyment reached up to 13 million 

enemies of the state:

• communist
• social democrats
• jews
• trade unions etc

Private land would be confiscated if it was owned by jews. This then reasured farmers and hoped Hitler would protect them.

Farmers:

• gain land back
• retrieve/pull back comunist group
• land tacken by jews
• extended land to grow more food=more food
• included 25 points policy
• won't be paying reparations-plotting money to the land

Working class:

• The name Nationalist socialist german workers party (NSDAP)-tried to appela workers
• promised 'work and bread' which pursuaded workers about job security and food on their table
• policies focaused on making germany stronger- this focus also appealed to the workers
• but many workers supported the communist

Women-Family first:

• women wanted their children to be strong and the nazi had arranged youth clubs for this
  
• they wanted to provide for their family
• they wanted thier husbands to have jobs
• nazi focased on traditional values which appealed to many women
• traditional roles eg- looking after children, looking after their men folk was appealing

Buisness people:

• Hitler pursuaded wealthy buisnessman that the nazi party is ther best hope of protection from their rise of the communist (commpetetor to the communist)
• other parties seemed powerless to do naythimg for germansy party

Young people:

• The nazi promised more than 1 traditional parties
• the young people were the most effected by the wall street crash 
• the nazi party seemed exciting

Middle class:

• appealed to tradition
• appealed to those who did not like the communist 
• felt the nazi would help them economically

(1)Reichtag Fire

(2) Enabling Act 1933-allowed Hitler to gain control the Reichtag (closed down), 4000 communist rounded up. Hidenburg decreased a state of emergancy. 31 communist from the parliment allowing Hitler to 2/3 of the seats.

(3) Removing opposition- Hitler belived if the communist amongst workers men were able to control thier trade union-could be able to used undermine goverment. Broke into trade unions, they used new powers to band trade unions and made strike illegal.

(4) The knight of the long knive- Hitler made Germany a one state party

(5) Death of hindemburg- 2 August 1934 predinet Hindemburg aged 87 died. Hitler took over the supreme power-declared himslef germanys Fuhrer, he would add all of the presidant power to those he already held as chancellor.  He forced an oath of loyalty to him from every soilder in the army.

Nazi Appeal: Germany to be great again, promised unity(protection) and restore traditional values.

Heinrich Himmler: (** protection squad) By 1936 The ** controlled all Germanys police and security forces

Reinhard Heyrich: Gestapo (secret state police) prosecuted only one who said or did anything critical of the nazi or goverment. Relied mainly on informats and feared by the genral public.

Reinchard Heyrich: (SD) security service. spied on all known tactics of the nazi party and german goverment. Hitler then set up his own police and security force, but run by the goverment and nazi party and accountable to Hitler. Their roles was to protec and support the nazi pary. The main organisation used bby Hitler to control the Nazi were the SD and Gestapo.

The **: destroyed opposition to Nazi and carried out racial policies of the nazi. They propped up Hitlers policies.

The police and courts: Helped pop up Nazi dicatorship.

The Gestapp: Tey could arrest citizoship on suspicion an send them into concentration camps without trial/explanantion. had 'sweaping power' They scared people and though they were powerful.

Concentration camps: set up as soon as Hitler took power. Prisioners were forced to re-do hard labours. Food was limited and prisioners suffered harsh discipline; beating and random executions.

Hitler stood out as he had good speaking skills and stood out.

DAP(Germans woekers party was the party Hitler joined. He then changed the namw to the NSDAP-Nationalist, socialist, german workers party.

Hitler became Allies, November criminals for german party.

Munich Putch was known a Beer Hall.

20th december 1924 Hitler was realsed from pision

Gregor Stransser and Joseph Geobbles were permenant laders of the Nazi Party.

(1) Terror- Attacks on opposition. Gestaop = Secret police had power to anyone, could send people to concentration camps without fail. concentration camps= people feared them and didnt want to go. Had to go if you opposed the Nazi.

(2) courts and law- Judges were biased. The laws didnt apply to the Nazi. Hitler spent only 9 months in prison.( reduced sentence) it was controlled by the Nazi.

(3) Eliminatimg opposition on threats- Ploitical-got rid of political opposition. NSDAP was unrivalled and banned other parties. shot communist. Churches- Catholic Church, Hitler came to an agreement and didnt keep his promise. Arrested popes and closed down Catholic schools.

• Gestapo
• Propaganda
• Nazi police had 3 groups; SA, SD, SA - aimed to take control.

Christianity:

• Belief in god
• Helps teh weak
• preached tolerance, peace and respect for all
• teches love and forgivness

Nazism:

• saw Hitler as a god figure like
• believed in suprity
• glorfied strenghta nd violence

Trade Unions: Banned by nazism in may 1933 replaced by trade unions. German worker front strike were banned. No rights.

Hours: out of work. strenghthen through joy set up Working conditions. hours increased. 'the beauty of work' could not move jobs. Wages increased and better working conditions.0

Unpopularity: Had to sign armastice (an agreement to keep peace)-11 November. Many Germans, moslty army felt stabbed in the back beacuse they were forced to surrender. The army felt stabbed in the back by the new goverment. They had a lack of support.

Lack of support for democracy: The german were used to being ruled by kaiser(who fled) They dint want a new democracy, they were used to one leader. They thought kaiser shoudlnt have fled. Many political parties did not agree with ebert (the predsidant)

Political problem 3: Proportional repentation- Gave small and big parties  share of seats in the parliment( The Riechtag) it gave the small parties a say in the parliment. But, there was always diassagrement)

Treaty of Versailles: New govermnet were ot invited into the peace talks in the versailles, Paris.  Germany were blamed for staring war, had to pay reparations- 6.6 billion. The navy  was cut to 6 battleships, submarines, tanks or air forces. They took the colonies, important land was lost-which contained raw materials.

Occupation of the Ruhr: Germnas refused to pay reparations. On Jan 9 1923 french tropps were attacked and killed. Gemany wernt paying up. Germany hads no money back.

Hyerinflation: Millions lost thier savings, wildspeard poverty. Many turned againt the gov. had no choice buy to sell abroad as france was occuping Ruhr.

Political uprising 5: 50,000 workers occupied the Rur region of germany. Took control of its raw material. 4 groups that tried taking over the WR

War guilt: had to accept the blame for starting war

Reparations: Had tp pay 6.6 billion

German Territories and colonies: German colonies became Mandates controlled by league of nations( France and Britain controlled them)

Germanys armed forces: limited to 100,000 men. Soilder had to be volenteered. The Rhineland becmae  a demilctarised xone. This ment no tropps were allowed in that area.

league of nations: 'lon' was set up as an 'international froce' Germany was not invites unitill it was shown that it was a peace loving country

Public workers:Not volentary

invisible unemployment:

• women and jew were sacked.
• Wernt counted in the unemployment.
• Their jobs went to umemployment.

The labour service:

• builts schools and hospitals 
• forced to join for 6 months id you were unemployed
• paid a little

Rearmnet and conscription:

• 2 years obligatory in the army for 18-35 years
• unemplyment figures reduced more than a million armny wenr from 100,00-14 million
• 1 million unemployed were now in the army

Unemployment was dangerous to Hitler. 

• didnt help him
• nazi belived workers were a waste of resources and a burden to society.
• to remove this they wanted as many people in useful work

Radios

• nazi gave out cheap radios(not much on t v)_
• nazi controlled them as they had frequant broadcast messages
• they wanted short radio range so they couldnt pick up any oher regiojnd
• wanted to brainwash people