Equilibria

aA + bB + cC (reverse reaction sign) ** +yY +zZ

the above is valid for any system in eqm.

(X)eqm x (y)eqm y (Z) eqm z

(A) eqm a (B) eqm b (C) eqm c

• Homogenous = all in same state
• units of Kc must be worked out by cancelling out.
• 2A+B (reversible reaction sign) 2C
• Kc =(C)2

(A)2(B)

• = mol-1 dm3
• value can only be found by experiment.
• Method:
  • write out equation with mol values under reactants (products will be 0 mol initially)
  • question will tell you the mol value for one of the reactants at eqm.
  • The equation willl show you the ratio. (if 1:1 then the val at eqm will be the same if they have the same inital values)
  • Inital - eqm value = the volume of reactant used up.

• Look at ratio of products to reactants and use this to calculate vol of products
• The question will tell the volume of the system. Divide the values of each volumes of products (a) and reactants (b) by the total volume of the system.
• Kc = (a +a) / (b+b)
• In some cases the units will cancel out and so Kc will have no units.

• Type of reaction
  • endothermic with decrease in temp
    • Kc = decrease
    • Volume of products =decreases
    • Volume of reactants = increases
    • Eqm moves to the left.
  • endothermic with increase in temp
    • Kc = increase
    • volume of products = increases
    • volume of reactants = decreases
    • eqm moves to the right

• exothermic with increase in temp
  • Kc = decrease
  • volume of products = decrease
  • volume of reactants = increase
  • eqm moves to the left
• exothermic with decrease in temp
  • Kc = increase
  • volume of products = increase
  • volume of products = increase
  • volume of reactants = decrease
  • eqm moves to the right.

• For an exothermic reaction (enthalpy = -ve) increasing temp decrease eqm constant

• For an endothermic reaction (enthalpy = +ve) increasing temp increases eqm constant.

Concentration

• addition to conc will cause eqm to remove changes to reduce disturbance
• top and bottom values will change to produce the same values for Kc

Catalyst

• effects forward and backward reaction equally
• eqm position doesn't move
• effects rate at which eqm is obtained.