Enzymes and Digestion/Respiration

enzyme                  reaction catalysed

amylase                          starch    >   sugars

protease                         proteins    >    amino acids

lipase                                 lipids    >   fatty acids + glycerol

Production

Amylase: Salivary Glands, Pancrease, Small Intestine

Protease: Stomach, Pancrease, Small Intestine

Lipase: Pancreas, Small Intestine

RESPIRATION is the process of RELEASING ENERGY FROM GLUCOSE, which goes on IN EVERY CELL

Aerobic respiration is respiration using oxygen.

Energy released is used for:

• Build large molecules from smaller ones (amino acids > protein)
• Animals > allow muscles to contract
• Mammals + birds > keep body temperature steady
• Plants > build sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids > protein

Enzymes are used in biological detergents and washing powders.

• They are mainly protein-digesting enzymes (proteases) and fat-digesting enzymes (lipases)

Enzymes are used to change foods.

• Proteins in baby foods are pre-digested (proteases)

• Carbohydrate-digesting enzymes (carbohydrases) turn starch syrup into sugar syrup.

• Glucose syrup into fructose syrup. Fructose is much sweeter, so you can use less of it

Speed up reactions without the need for high temperatures and pressuers

Advantages

• Specific, only catalyse the reaction you want them to
• Lower costs and saves energy
• Enzymes work for a long time
• Biodegradable > less environmental pollution

Disadvantages

• Develop allergies
• Denatured enzymes by even a small increase in temperature
• Contamination of the enzyme with substances can affect reaction