Diagnosis

Medieval diagnosis 1250-1500

• Urine Charts were used to diagnose patients. Doctors examined the colour, smell and taste of a patients urine and made a guess on the spot to what the patient might be suffering.

Modern Diagnosis 1900-present

• Science and technology saw rapid improvements so doctors had new techniques to diagnose patients. New technology allowed doctors to be able to scan patients to diagnose for example CT scans and blood screening.

Medical Training

• Eductaion - universities established schools of medicine.
• The Renaissance saw the beginning of scientific experiments and observations.
• The more people that were trained, the more developed medical training was the more Galen's theories could be questioned. Galen's knowledge was agreed with by the Church so when his knowledge was queston people began to doubt the Church.

William Harvey

• Harvey said that he believed the heart was a pump and blood circulates repeatedly through the body. Wrote a book called An Anatomical Account of the Motion of the heart and Blood in 1628 -used dissections.
• Whereas Galen believed that blood is created in the liver from ingested food and flows to the right side of the heart. Then blood is mixed with air from the lungs and used by tissues. This is proven wrong by Harvey.

Printing Press

• invented between 1440 and 1450 - allowed people to communicate new ideas abouut medicine.
• Beforehand, the church printed all the books so now there are different ideas people's views are changing.

Florence Nightingale

She started changing conditions in army hospitals by :

• Seperating patients according to their illness
• Making sure beds were spaced apart and clean air was allowed to circulate.
• Strict hygiene rules were enforced eg. patients were washed and bedding was changed.

Nightingale opened the first training school for nurses with money raised by public donations and it was called St Thomas' Hospital.

She published a book called Notes for nursing.

Public Health Act 1875

• Clean water 
• Sewage systems and water drainage
• Public toilets
• Rubbish removal
• THE ACT WAS COMPUSARY

NHS

• It was created in 1948.
• Free health care for all British citizens
• Creation of health centres to provide things like vaccination.
• Distribution of doctors, dentists, opticians and GP's
• Increased life expectancy and major medical breakthroughs

Joseph Lister

• Invented carbolic spray a type of antiseptic 1867
  
• He developed the spray by putting it in a bandage and then on a patients broken leg. The patient cured with no infection.
• This helped improve hospitals becase when operating the were safer and less likely for the patient to develop infection.