coastlines

• transportation is when material is moved else where  
• erosion is the wearin away of land 
• swash is when water rushes up the beach when a wave breaks 
• backswash is when water rushes back down the beach to the sea 
• fetch the distance of water that the wind has blown across 
• constructive is a strong wave which pushes material up a beach 
• destructive is a tall storm wall with a strong backwash 

• headland is a piece of land that juts out to sea 
• imperable is rocks such as clay that does not allow water to pass through them 
• saturated is when the soil is so wet it cannot hold or soak up anymore water 
• slump is when rock and soil slides down hill in layers 
• undercut is the base of a cliff has been eroded by waves so that it is not sopporting the soil and rocks above 
• bay is a curved sheltered area between two headland is made up of hard rock and a bay is made up of soft rock. the hard rock is worn away slowly leaving a headland. the soft rock is wron away quietly leaving a bay 
• corrosion is when salt and other acid in seawater slowly dissovles cliff 
• hydraulic pressure is the sheer force of waves trapping and compressing air in cracks and holes in a cliff 
• carrosion is a result of  a large wave hurling pebbles against the cliff
• attrition is when waves cause rock and pebbles on the beach to bump into each other and break down in size 

• transportantion is the movment of movement of material from one place to another 
• despostion is when material is put down somewherew else 
• prevaling wind is the main wind that blows towards the coastline 
• longshore driff is the movement of sand and pebbles in a zigzag along a stretch of coastline 
• beach is a build up of sand , shingle or pebbles along the coast where depesition occurs 
• traction is large boulders and rocks are rolled along the bed of the river
• saltation is smaller particles of slit and sand cue held within the water and transported along in the flow of water 
• solution is particles of rock are dissolved in the water and carried along without benig seen 

a spit is a long cruved sandy hook feature that if formed by waves moving material by longshore drift and depositing it where there is a change or breack in the coastline e.g. at a river estuary 

a tombolo is formed when a spit joins a headland with an island.a tombolo is also formed when the coast changes direction and longshore drift deposits sand and shingle which creats a bar of sand and shingle.  

hard engineering method is where things are built such as a sea wall, groynes and revetments they cost a lot of money and do not look very natural.

soft engineering methods use natural ways to protect and coast like beach replanishment where sand and shingle are added to the beach these do not coast as much.

sea wall is a long concrete barrier built along the coast it protect against flooding and erosion.

rock armour is a multip of large rocks/ boulders piled up along the beach the energy of the wave is absorbed by the rocks and stops erosion. they are quite cheap although they dont look natural. 

Gabion

These are wire baskets filled with pebbles they are placed at the bottom of the cliff along the beach. the baskets eventally  gets roverd with sand and gras. the energy of the wave is absorbed by the pebblesa and this stops erosion. they are ouite cheap but look ugly.   

wooden revetment 

These are long wooden barriers placed along the coastline infornt of cliff material builds up behind the barrier and protects the cliff they are quite cheap but easliy damaged. 

groyne 

These are wooden barries built out of sea they stop longshore drift happing and allow a beach to build up. the beach absorbs the waves energy and stop erosion. they are expensive and look very ugly and put tourists off.