Hard water is created by the dissolving action of water.
Temporary hard water is created when rainwater reacts with limstone.
Permanent hard water is created by the dissolving of other ions.
Hard water is created by CaSO4, CaCl2, MgSO4, MgCl2
The following methods are used to remove hard water;
- Boiling...temporary hard water only
- Distillation...removes all types of hardness
- adding washing soda...removed Mg2+ and replaces with sodium
Water can be softened by removing the Calcium and Magnesium ions using an ion-exchange collum.
Scale - CaCO3, Scum - Calcium or Magnesium stearate.
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