Chemistry - C2 4.5 - The effect of catalysts

Apart from using a catalyst, how can we speed up a reaction?

Increasing the concentration or pressure of reactants in a solution.

How is a catalyst affected by a chemical reaction?

A catalyst is not affected by a chemical reaction. At the end of a reaction, the catalyst is not chemically changed and not affected This means we can use a catalyst over and over again. 

Why is a catalyst in the form of pellets more effective than a whole lump of the catalyst?

Because then it has a bigger surface area. 

A catalyst increases the rate of a chemical reaction. However, it is not used up and remains the same chemically after the reaction.

Solid catalysts used in chemical processes are often shaped as tiny beads of cylinders with holes through them. Why are they made in these shapes?

To give the biggest possible surface area. 

Why is the number of moles of catalyst needed to speed up a chemical reaction very small compared with the number of moles of reactants?

Because only a small amount of catalyst is needed to increase the rate of reaction.