Cell Structure

A Typical Animal Cell

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Plant cells and algal cells contain all sub-cellular structures found in animal cells
Cell wall-made of cellulose and strengthens the cell
Permanent vacuole- filled with cell sap, supporting the plant
Need to make own food so some cells contain chloroplasts
Chloroplasts absorb light to make glucose by photosynthesis
Not all plant cells have chloroplasts- e.g. not present in root cells as do not receive any light

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Prokaryotic-

Smaller in size
Genetic material not in nucleus
Genetic material in single DNA loop and maybe one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids
Do not contain mitochondria or chloroplasts
Simpler in structure than eukaryotic cells, scientists think they developed before eukaryotic cells
Plasmids- very useful to scientists as they allow genes to e inserted into bacteria in genetic engineering

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Have many different shapes-some round, some rod shaped, some spiral
All prokaryotic cells
Roles of mitochondria and chloroplasts are taken over by cytoplasm in bacterial cells
Plasmids present- circles of DNA that can be transferred from one cell to another
Plasmids-Allow bacterial cells to move genes from one cell to another

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1. Which sub-cellular structure controls the activities inside the cell?

2. Where are proteins made in a cell?

3. Write down three structures that are found in plant cells but not in animal cells.

4. What is the function of cell sap?

5. Where is DNA found in a bacterium?

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