Starch: Add iodine solution, if starch is present, it will become black.
Reducing Sugars: Perform the Benedict's test, add Benedict's solution and heat until water boils, this should produce a brick red precipitate.
Non-Reducing Sugars: Add a small amount of acid and then bring to the boil in a water bath, then allow to cool and add alkali to neutralise, add benedict's solution and heat again in a water bath, the resulting precipitate should be brick-red if positive.
Lipids: Add ethanol to substance subject to testing and add this into water column, if results are positive, the water will become cloudy/milky. (This is the emulsion test)
Proteins: Add drops of Biuret Solution to the sample, stirring gently at the same time, if results are positive it will turn purple/violet.
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