C2 - Ionic Bonding

Ionic compounds are GIANT structures of ions. they are held together by strong forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions, that act in all directions. this type of bonding is called ionic bonding.

What type of force is it that holds ions together?

Electrostatic forces.

Ionic compounds:

• have h...... m............ and b............ p..........
• c........... e..................... when m.......... or in s.............. because the c............ i...... are free to m...... about and carry the c............

Ionic compounds:

• have high melting and boiling points
• 
• conduct electricity when molten or in solution because the charged ions are free to move about and carry the current

A ionic bond occurs between a metal and a non-metal atom. It invovles a transfer of electrons from one atom to the other.

This forms electrically charged ions, each of which has a complete outer energy level.

They have the electronic structure of a noble gas:

• A........ which l...... e................ become p.................. c............ ions.
• A........ which g...... e................ become n.................. c............ ions
• 

They have the electronic structure of a noble gas:

• Atoms which lose electrons become positively charged ions.
• Atoms which gain electrons become negatively charged ions.

Example 1

sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) bond ionically to form sodium chloride, NaCl.

1. The s.......... atom has o.... electron in it's o........ s.........

2. The e.............. is t.................. to the c.............. atom.

3. Both a........ now have e........ electrons in their o........ shell.

4. The a........ become i......, Na⁺ and Cl^-   5. The c.............. formed is s.......... c.............., NaCl.

Example 1

sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) bond ionically to form sodium chloride, NaCl.

1. The sodium atom has one electron in it's outer shell.

2. The electron is transferred to the chlorine atom.

3. Both atoms now have eight electrons in their outer shell.

4. The atoms become ions, Na⁺ and Cl^-

5. The compound formed is sodium chloride, NaCl.

Example 2:

Magnesium (Mg) and oxygen (O) bond ionically to form magnesium oxide, MgO.

1. The m................ atom has t.... electrons in its o........ shell.

2. These t.... electrons are t.................... to the o.......... atom.

3. B...... atoms now have e........ electrons in their o........ shell.

4. The a........ become i......, Mg²⁺  and O^2-

5. The c.............. formed is m................ o........, MgO.

Example 2:

Magnesium (Mg) and oxygen (O) bond ionically to form magnesium oxide, MgO.

1. The magnesium atom has two electrons in its outer shell.

2. These two electrons are transferred to the oxygen atom.

3. Both atoms now have eight electrons in their outer shell.

4. The atoms become ions, Mg²⁺  and O^2-

5. The compound formed is magnesium oxide, MgO.