By-Laws

By-laws are made under delegated powers, granted by Parliament for example under the Local Government Act 1972.

By-laws must be approved by a government minister.

By-laws can be made by a local authority for the benefit of the local authority area. 

For example: Clean Neighbourhoods and Environments Act 2005

Parliament has given local authorities the power to make by-laws imposing fines on people who allow their dogs to foul public areas.

By-laws can also be made by other bodies. 

For example: Greater London Authority Act 1999

Parliament gave Transport for London the power to made by-laws controlling behaviour by railway users eg drinking, smoking, littering and spitting.Those by-laws were then approved by the relevant government minister being the Secretary of State for Transport in 2011.

Enforceable in the courts in the same way as statutes.

Due to their detailed local knowledge, local councils, companies and corporations are given powers enabling acts to make by-laws that operate in their own local area.