All organisms need a supply of materials to survive and reproduce. They get these from thier surroundings and form other living organisms.
Organisms are adapted to survive in the conditions in which they normally live in.
Micoorganisms have a wide range of adaptations which enable some of them to live in extreme conditions.
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Adaptation in animals
Animal adaptations help them to survive in the conditions where they normally live.
Animals in cold areas are usualylarge with a small surface area : volume ratio.
Animals in hot dry areas may have a large surface area : volume ratio.
Coat colour may change in different seasons giving year round camouflage
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Adaptation in plants
Plants lose water vapour from the leaf surface.
To survive in dry conditions plants have adaptations to reduce the surface area of leaves, and to have tissues which store water and extensive root systems
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Competition in animals
Animals often compete with each other food, mates and territory.
Well-madapted animals are good competitors
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Competition in plants
Plants compete with each other for light, water and mineral ions from soil.
Well-adapted plants are good competitors.
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How do you survive?
Organisms have adaptations wich enable them to survive in the conditions in which they normally live in.
Plants often compete with each other for light, water and nutrients from the soil.
Animals often compete with each other for food, mates and territory.
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Measuring environmental change
Changes in the environment affect the distribution of living organisms.
These changes can be caused by libving or non-living factors.
Environmental chamnges can be measured using non-living indicators.
Living organisms can be used as pollution indicators.
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The impact of change
The distibution of living organisms is affected by changes in non-living and living factors.
The data on the effect of environmental change in not always easy to interpret
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