Avian - Health Checking

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What do we check for?

  • behavioural changes
    • important to make sure you are monitoring and recording behaviour
    • looking for behaviour changes
    • looking for a change in temperament/character or stereotypic behaviours
    • e.g., not perching, eat/drinking habits, noise
      • can be an increase or a decrease in noise
  • blood feathers
    • particularly at the rear where they cannot preen as well
    • blood feathers are young feathers that still have a good blood supply
    • don't try pull them out or cut them as this can cause profuse bleeding
      • can cause anaemia if bleeding, also an entry point for infection
    • as the feather matures the blood will drain out and the blood supply will be cut off
    • should not be preening blood feathers, but if the bird is covered in blood then it needs to be investigated
  • cloaca
  • faeces
    • if faeces are bright green this could be a symptom of psittacosis
  • eyes
  • nostrils
  • feather condition
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Other Points to Check for:

  • stance/gait
  • movement
    • is it hyperactive? is it not moving a lot? is it not putting weight on certain parts of its body?
  • posture
    • e.g., flying pattern
  • weight - what is normal for the bird?
    • good way to measure health
    • falconers may weigh their birds every day
  • claws and feet
    • small birds are prone to getting frostbite
      • feet will go black and they may lose digits
  • wings
    • feather loss and movemnet
    • are they able to stretch their wings?
  • for caged birds the vet inspecting the cage can be useful
    • once one bird in the cage is ill it is likely others are ill, so the whole cage can then be treated
    • can advise on causes of illness (e.g., paints)
  • if there are problems with an entire flock check the enclosure they are housed in
  • for water birds' detail on substrate and water can be very important for diagnosis
    • could misinterpret behaviour if you do not spend time watching the birds
    • note any behaviour changes
    • note amount of food and water consumed
    • stress on an ill bird could be risking its life
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Administering Medication Part 1

  • dosage
    • calculated using weight generally
    • how sick the bird is will changes the dose
    • the vet will decide the dose
  • time medication is to be administered
    • before or after food (dependent on drug)
    • try do it at the same time every day
  • duration of medication
  • how the medication is going to be administered
    • injections
      • subcutaneous or intramuscular may be asked of a keeper
        • intramuscular will bleed a lot more than subcutaneous
      • intravascular = into the circulatory system
      • intraosseous = into the bone
        • relatively rare
      • don't do an injection if you do not know how to do an injection
    • skin (topically)
    • orally
      • birds can regurgitate tablets back up, so liquid is favoured
    • ophthalmic
      • eye drops etc.
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Administering Medication Part 2

  • how the medication should be stored
    • animals take some drugs that are illegal to take in humans
      • e.g., ketamine can be used recreationally by humans
    • medications should be kept under lock and key
    • some may need to be in the fridge/freezer
  • potential side effects
    • the most notable side effect in birds is drowsiness
      • if they are so drowsy they are falling off their perch then the dose should probably be lowered
    • tell the vet if you are not sure whether it is a side effect of the drug or whether it is the bird getting worse
  • how long until it starts working?
    • how long until they are metabolised?
    • can take weeks
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Key Points for Medicating

  • record-keeping
    • can prevent double dosing
    • will ensure medication is given at the right time
  • ensure you have familiarised yourself with the drug datasheet
  • read all contradictions and expected side effects
  • health and safety of handler and animal is the priority
  • ensure the animal is restrained before medicating
  • ensure you are prepared prior to medicating
    • make sure all PPE, all medication and all equipment is ready before entering the enclosure
  • BIAZA disease risk protocols
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