Attachment

-Joy on reunion 

-Proximity seeking

-Orientation to others

-Distress on separation 

-Secure base effect

-Stranger anxiety

- Had two groups on goslings 

-One hatched normally with the mother goose 

-One hatched by Lorenz

-Group hatched by Lorenz imprinted on him 

-Put both groups together, separated into two groups, each seeking their 'mother'. 

-Critcal period of attchament 

STAGE ONE: ASOCAIL: Do not prefer specific people. (0-6 weeks)

STAGE TWO: INDISCRIMINATE: Become more socai, tell people apart. Easily comforted by anyone. Don't express stranger anxiety. (6 weeks-6 months)

STAGE THREE: SPECIFIC: Separation anxiety, stranger anxiety. (7 months+)

STAGE FOUR: MULTIPLE: Secondary attachments, siblings, grandparents, ect. (10/11 months+)

Any behaviour that produces a reward will be repeated. 

Positive reinforcement: Something which increases the likelihood that the behaviour will be repeated. 

Negative reinforcemnt: When a behaviour or response switches off something unpleasant.

Skinner's rats: Pressed a button to recive a food pellet/ If they didn't press a button, got an eletric shock.

Learning through association.

Unconditioned stimulus: An aspect of the environemnt which produces an automatic, unlearnt response. 

Unconditioned response: An unlearned, relfex action. 

Food is an unconditioned stimulus, which provides unconditioned reponse in the baby, pleasure at relief from hunger. The baby associates the food with the caregiver, who then becomes the conditoned stimulus.