AS PE Component 1.1

• Flexion- when the angle at a joint decreases
• extension- when the angle at a joint increases
• abduction - when a limb is moved away from the bodys center line 
• adduction- when a limb is moved to the bodys center line
• circumduction- circular motion of the arm
• rotation- when a body part turns about its long axis
• pronation- turning the wrist so the palm is to the ground
• supination- turning the wrist so as the palm is facing the sky
• lateral flexion- bending the spine sideways
• dorsi flexion- toes are pointing upwards 
• plantar flexion- toes pointing to the floor
• agonist- the prime mover that is contracting
• antagonist- the relaxing muscle that is lengthening 

The wrist joint;- condyloid joint - ulna radius and the carpels, Flexion, extension, adduction and abduction

The knee joint;- Hinge joint - femur, tibia, fibula ,Flexion extension, medial and lateral rotation

The hip joint;- Ball and socket- pelvis and femur, Adduction abduction, flexion extension

The radio-ulnar joint:-Pivot joint- radius ulna ,Pronation supination

The elbow joint;- Hinge joint – humerus radius ulna, Flexion, extension

The shoulder;- Ball and socket – humerus and scapula ,Adduction abduction medial and lateral rotation flexion and extension (horiziontal)

The ankle;- Hinge – tibia fibula and talus ,Dorsi flexion plantar extension