Epidermis is thin and transparent: To allow more light to reach the palisade cells.
Thin cuticle made of wax:To protect the leaf without blocking out light.
Palisade cell layer at top of leaf: To absorb more light.
Spongy layer: Air spaces allow carbon dioxide to diffuse through the leaf, and increase the surface area.
Palisade cells contain many chloroplasts: To absorb all the available light.
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