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- the longer the waves the lower their frequency and this changes with energy.
- the general rule is that the limit of resolution is half the wavelength of radiation used to view the specimen.
- e.g light microscope wave length 400/2 is 200nm.
- electron microscopes have a resolution 400 times of a light microscope.
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- magnification is observed size of image/actual size
- actual size is image size/magnification
- image size is magnification times actual size
- ribosomes, cell membranes and microtubules cannot be seen with the light microscope
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