Northern Rebellion
- Created by: eleanorfarnold
- Created on: 30-05-15 10:54
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- Northern Rebellion 1569
- Was the Northern Rebellion a threat?Yes
- Causes
- Religion
- all leaders were Catholic
- tore down Protestant images, destroyed English bibles in Durham Cathedral and performed mass
- Protestant bishop - had been an exile
- traditionally seen as main cause
- Once the rebellion had started they claimed it was
- Sussex was convinced religion was behind...
- mentioned in the earls procclomation: "set up a new found religion and heresy"
- Local Politics
- Northumberland: Elizabeth had dropped him as Lieutenant of the North, taken away his Wardenship if the middle march, ignored his claim over a copper mine on his land and refused him any part in the supervision of MQS
- Wives were dominating figures: Westmoreland's "we and our country would be shamed forever"
- Westmoreland's poverty was so great he was forced to borrow money to gather armies
- Royal official: "i take this gathering is done more out of fear, than they want to carry out any evil act"
- Court Politics
- "diverse new set up nobles... not go about to overthrow and put down the ancient nobility of the realm...but also have misused the Queen's majesty"
- failure to act on succession
- Elizabeth's objection to marriage between N and MQS suggested there would be no improvement
- revisionists argue this = most important
- noble families increasingly alienated from court
- Sussex's strong reaction accused of forcing into rebellion
- ******* Feudalism
- financial connections between feudal lords and tenants (no longer about duty)
- helped raise horsemen - sons of gentry families served magnates. they were often retainers for the Earls
- Earls accused of forcing people to help them - they were only able to raise their army by threatening people.
- Religion
- Was the rebellion a threat? No
- No: Exommunication arrived too late
- No: Government = strong response gathered force of 10,000 men
- New militia system of Lord Lieutenants allowed royal forces to raise sufficient numbers
- Further south Elizabeth could rely on support of Bishop of Carlisle and Earl of Shrewsbury - wasn't going to progress to London
- Mary was in Staffordshire = far away needed Carlisle and Shrewsbury'ssupport...moved by the time they drew near
- No: unlikely to gain popular support - much of the rebels forces were paid
- when pay wasn't unavailable they fled
- How were the rebels dealt with?
- Norfolk imprisoned - released but later executed for involvement in Ridolfi plot
- Westmoreland escaped abroad
- Northumberland betrayed by a scottish clan and executed in York 1572
- around 450 executed - although Elizabeth ordered the execution of up to 800 bad weather and the reluctance of officials = much less
- Lawrence stone: last Northern call for less centralised government for more than 500 years
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