Changing Urban Environments
- Created by: Molly6098
- Created on: 05-01-14 11:26
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- Changing Urban Environments
- Urbanisation
- About
- The growth in the proportion of the country's population living in urban areas
- Mostly happening in poorer countries
- Causes
- Rural-urban migration
- Poorer countries: shortage of services in rural areas, more jobs in urban areas
- Richer countries: Mostly happened in Industrial revolution
- Rural-urban migration
- About
- Parts of a city
- CBD
- Central Business District
- Shops and offices-very few houses
- Transport routes meet
- High land values and competition for space
- Tall buildings and high building density
- The Inner City
- Poorer housing quality and older industrial buildings
- Run-down and deprived
- New housing and industry where derelict land has been cleared and redeveloped
- The Suburbs
- Housing areas towards the edge of the city
- Middle-class families: nicer environment, less crime and pollution
- Cheaper land but still close enough to commute
- The rural-urban fringe
- Both urban and rural land uses
- Fewer, larger houses
- CBD
- Urban issues
- Housing Shortage
- Solutions
- Causes
- Urban population has grown quickly
- Run downs CBDs
- Solutions
- Pedestrianising areas
- Improving access with public transport
- Improving public areas to make them attractive
- Converting derelict warehouses
- Causes
- Out of town shopping centres and business parks being built
- Solutions
- Traffic congestion and pollution
- Solutions
- Pedestrianisation of central areas
- Causes
- Increasing population means more cars on roads
- Solutions
- Ethnic segregation
- Solutions
- Make sure everyone can access information about different services
- Improve communication between all parts of the community
- Provide interpreters at places like hospitals and police stations
- Providing suitable services for different cultures
- Causes
- People prefer to live near others with same background and who speak same language
- People live near services that are important to their culture
- Solutions
- Housing Shortage
- Squatter settlements
- What
- Settlements built illegally by people who can't afford proper housing
- Problem in many growing cities in poorer countries
- Badly built and overcrowded
- No electricity or sewers
- No emergency services
- Solutions
- Self help schemes
- Government provides materials for locals to build houses
- Site and service schemes
- People may a small aount of rent and can borrow money for building materials
- Local authority schemes
- Funded by local government- improving life for people living in settlements
- Self help schemes
- Case study
- Favela-Bairro Project-Rio de Janeiro-Brazil
- 600 squatter settlements
- Started in 1995
- Involves 253,000 people in 73 favelas
- $300 million funding
- Social improvements
- Daycare centres and after school schemes
- Adult education classes
- Help for people affected by drug and alcohol addiction and domestic violence
- Economic Improvements
- Residents can legally own properties
- Training schemes to learn new skills and get better jobs
- Environmental Improvements
- Wooden buildings replaced with brick buildings
- Removal of homes on dangerously steep slopes
- Widening and paving of streets to allow easier access
- Provision of clean water, electricity and rubbish collection
- Residents choose improvements
- Neighbourhood associations formed to communicate with residents
- New services staffed by residents to provide incomes
- Standard of living, property prices and local business increased
- What
- Environmental Issues
- Waste disposal problems
- Can't afford to dispose of waste properly
- No resources or facilities to dispose of rubbish
- Causes health problems
- No landfills or incinerators
- Air pollution
- Acid rain-damages buildings and vegetation
- Health problems-headaches, bronchitis
- Some pollutants destroy ozone layer
- Water pollution
- Kills fish and other aquatic animals-disrupts food chains
- Chemicals build up in food chain-damages humans who eat them
- Contamination of water supplies with sewage can spread diseases like typhoid
- Industrial accidents
- No health and safety laws
- Causes thousands of deaths, injuries, illnesses, disabilities and birth defects
- Can cause air and water pollution
- Waste disposal problems
- Sustainable Cities
- About
- Doing things to protect the environment and save resources so that people now have what the need without stopping people in the future having what they need
- Sustainable solutions
- Schemes to reduce waste and safely dispose of it
- Conserving natural environments and historical buildings
- Building on brownfield sites
- Building carbon-neutral homes
- Creating an efficient public transport system
- Case Study
- Curitiba, Brazil
- 1.8 million people
- Reducing car use
- Good bus system-express-Pre-pay boarding stations and bus-only lanes. Cheap bus fares
- 200 km of bike paths
- Open spaces and conserved natural environments
- Increased from 0.5m^2 to 52m^2 per person
- Over 1000 parks and natural areas
- 1.5 million trees planted
- Builders given tax breaks if their projects include green spaces
- Recycling schemes
- 70% of rubbish is recycled
- Locals given bus and food tickets for taking their rubbish to recylcing centres
- About
- Urbanisation
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