Carbohydrates
- Created by: katieshrmn
- Created on: 16-03-15 08:00
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- Carbohydrates
- monomer = mono-saccharide
- Trioses
- 3 Carbons
- Pentoses
- 5 Carbons
- Hexoses
- 6 Carbons
- 2 monomers joned together = Disaccharide
- Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose
- Glucose + Glucose = Maltose
- Glycosidic Bonds
- OH group on Carbon 1 and OH group on Carbon 4 of another glucose molecule react
- Production of a water molecule
- Leaves an Oxygen Bridge between the two glucose molecules
- AKA Glycosidic Bond
- Leaves an Oxygen Bridge between the two glucose molecules
- i-4 Glycosidic Bond
- Production of a water molecule
- OH group on Carbon 1 and OH group on Carbon 4 of another glucose molecule react
- Trioses
- Alpha Glucose
- OH group is below the plane of the ring
- Beta Glucose
- OH group is above the plane of the ring
- Glucose formed as a ring so the bonds are locked into position
- Alpha Glucose
- OH group is below the plane of the ring
- The ring forms when Oxygen on the Carbon group 5 bonds to Carbon 1. The Oh group on Carbon 1 can either be above or below
- Alpha Glucose
- Glucose
- Energy in respiration
- Stores chemical potential energy that can be used to make ATP because it has many H atoms needed for oxidative phosphorylati-on (making ATP)
- Sugar = soluble, making it easy to transport around the body
- Polysaccaride
- Chain made of many thousands of monosaccarides
- Starch
- Amylose (20%) + Amylopectin (80%)
- Polymers of Alpha Glucose
- Amylose molecule contains 2-500 glucose monomers all linked by 1-4 glycosidic bonds
- Naturally curl into a helix because bonds are below the ring
- Amylopectin molecule contains 5,000-100,000 glucose units mainly linked by 1-4 glycosidic bonds
- Molecule has branches created by 1-6 glycosidic bonds
- Stores glucose that we need for respiration
- Insoluble - Doesn't decrease the glucose cell water potential
- Compact particularly amylopectin
- Amylose (20%) + Amylopectin (80%)
- Glycogen
- Similar to Amylopectin
- Shorter and more branches
- Allowing it to be broken down quicker
- Useful for animals because we are active and require a more accessible glucose store
- Allowing it to be broken down quicker
- Shorter and more branches
- Similar to Amylopectin
- Cellulose Molecules
- Cellulose is a polymer of Beta Glucose
- Due to beta glucose structure, every alternating glucose needs to be upside down in order to make a polysaccaride
- Because the glycosidic bonds alternate sides the molecule forms a straight chain called a cellulose molecule
- Due to beta glucose structure, every alternating glucose needs to be upside down in order to make a polysaccaride
- Cellulose is a polymer of Beta Glucose
- Cellulose Fibres
- Mainy cellulose molecules lie parallel to each other in a bundle... 60-70 molecules make a microfibril and cellulose fibres are made from bundles of microfibrils
- H bonds between the partially + H on the OH group of Carbon 3 and the partially - Oxygen on the OH group of carbon 6
- Mainy cellulose molecules lie parallel to each other in a bundle... 60-70 molecules make a microfibril and cellulose fibres are made from bundles of microfibrils
- Cellulose
- Needs a high tensile strength so it doesn't burst when full of water
- Straight, parallel chains allow H bonds to form all the way down
- So many gives it strength
- The cellulose fibres go different directions so the cell wall can withstand force from any direction
- monomer = mono-saccharide
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